Modeling And Properties Analyzing Of The Influence Of Urban On-street Parking

On-street parking is not only an effective means of providing more parking space and balancing the parking demand and supply, but also flexible in design and installation and convenient to access. On the other hand, due to its occupancy of roadway resources, on-street parking can significantly impact traffic performance and safety. Unreasonable on-street parking, in particular, has become a significant cause of traffic congestion. Therefore, it is important for the field of urban transport planning and management to understand the influence of on-street parking on traffic performance, analyze the essence and foundation of on-street impact and provide theoretical basis for on-street parking planning and management. Nowadays, the rapid growth in parking demand in China makes on-street parking a crucial role in urban parking supply in the near future. However, there are still some problems about on-street parking that have not been solved, and the planning and management of on-street parking need more theoretical bases. Moreover, the mixed traffic consisting of motorized vehicles and non-motorized vehicles and the relation between on-street parking and non-motorized traffic can increase the complicacy of the influence of on-street parking.Based on the problems mentioned above, the influence of on-street parking is investigated from two aspects in this dissertation. Firstly, trajectory analysis is applied to investigate the influence of on-street parking on lateral driving behaviour of motorized vehicle drivers and non-motorized vehicle drivers under the mixed traffic circumstance. In this way, the modification of driving behaviour and driving space demand are discussed. Also, the lane-crossing behaviour of non-motorized vehicle is modeled based on the influence of on-street parking. Secondly, the influence of on-street parking on traffic performance is investigated by using theoretical models and simulations. The travel time and delay under the influence of on-street parking are studied via the travel time duration model, the capacity of two-lane street is modeled based on the conflict technique, and some simulating models are established to evaluate the traffic performance under the influence of on-street parking. The contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1) The regular pattern that the on-street parking can impact the lateral positions of moving trajectory of vehicles is investigated by using trajectory capture and analysis. According to the empirical data and analysis results, it can be concluded that on-street parking can impact the distribution of lateral positions of vehicles significantly, and that offset distance of motorized vehicles is in direct proportion to the occupancy width of on-street parking. Furthermore, in order to analyze the lane-crossing behaviour of non-motorized vehicles under the influence of on-street parking in the non-motorized vehicle lane, the lifetime analysis method is adopted to model such behaviour involved with non-motorized vehicle volume. The results indicate the significance of the influence of on-street parking on the lane-crossing behaviour.(2) Considering the influence of on-street parking, a hazard-based duration model is proposed to analyze the influence of on-street parking on travel time and delay based on the Cox duration model. The distribution of travel time is described by continuance probability. Some influential factors that are related to on-street parking, such as the effective lane width, the travel conflicts, the occupancy and the turnover, are adopted as covariates. Moreover, the relative hazard ratio is used to give a quantitative analysis of the delay that is caused by on-street parking. The results show that the model can fit the data well and that the covariates in the model have significant influence on travel time. Among the selected covariates, the effective lane width has a positive effect on travel time in a way that the increase in the lane width can shorten the travel time, while other covariates, such as the travel conflicts, the occupancy and the turnover have a negative effect. The quantitative results in this study can provide basis for decision making in the planning and management of on-street parking.(3) A capacity model for a two-way two-lane urban street is proposed based on the framework of conflict technique and time-headway analysis by combining basic model with parameter modification. The conflict technique is adopted to describe the interaction between the parking manoeuvres and moving vehicles. In view of the mixed traffic circumstance, the conflicts are classified into three types:conflicts between moving vehicles and parking vehicles, conflicts between moving vehicle and non-motorized vehicles and conflicts among moving vehicle, parking vehicles and non-motorized vehicles. According to the fundamentals of these three conflicts, the basic capacity model is proposed. Then, three parameters, i.e. effective lane width, turnover and lane width of non-motorized vehicle lane, are used to modify the basic model. The results indicate that the new model can reflect the influence of on-street parking on capacity, and taking the non-motorized vehicles into consideration is in accordance with the mechanism of vehicle interactions in mixed traffic circumstance.(4) Traffic simulating is performed to investigate the influence of on-street parking on traffic flow based on the analysis of characteristics of on-street parking. A cellular automaton model is proposed to depict the motorized vehicle flow under the influence of on-street parking. The vehicles in the system are classified into three types:through vehicles, parking vehicles and unparking vehicles. Each type of vehicles is assigned with specific moving rules, and all the vehicles update their velocities and positions according to the NaSch cellular automaton model. The numerical simulation results show that on-street parking has a significant impact on traffic state and can decrease the volume and velocity of the motorized vehicle flow. The frequency of parking manoeuvre and the duration of parking manoeuvre are crucial influential factors.(5) The methods and improvement measures for planning and designing on-street parking facilities are discussed based on the modelling and simulating of the influence of on-street parking. A three-step method is proposed, namely spatial location selection, service time distribution and parking stall designing. Suggestions in parking stall designing and marking are made to improve the traffic conditions for non-motorized vehicles. Additionally, some correction measures are proposed to decrease the influence of on-street parking.