From Housing Estate To Housing Block

The mode of"housing estate"is the fundamental principle and the main form of the planning of urban community in contemporary China. It origins from the era of planned economy. The trait of the mode is introverted and self-integrity. With the innovation of economy system and the change of the property of city, the pattern shows itself in much deficiency. Its capacious scale interrupts the road of city, the walled boundary make the atmosphere of adjacent street deserted, and because of the users are limited, the utilization of common facilities is in low-efficiency; and the scene of different city is similar under the influence of the rigidity of the mode. The reason of such deficiency in that the residential area is isolated from the peripheral section, and this type of community has no urbanity. These problems revealed that the pattern of housing estate couldn't fit for the construction of urban community, and it could not be used in inner city particularly.Basing on the progress of some interrelative subjects, including architecture, city planning, landscape architecture, sociology and the field of real estate, and the investigation of several communities in Beijing, the article made the viewpoint that we should change the concept and method of the planning mode of community currently. The new concept eyes the community and the city as a whole, follows the frame of urban planning and landscape planning. The structure between community and the city is netlike. Based on the knowledge of city planning, the scale of urban community should fit for the structure and density of road system. According to the pertinent code for transport planning and urban road, and the practice of many pleasant city home and abroad, the length between 60 meters and 250 meters is an appropriate size of the block. From the angle of the community planning, we needn't bind the housing with other public facilities in one plot. From the angle of the management of community, the walled community should be abandoned. The area of blockage should be controlled within one or several buildings. Many people don't accept the situation when the housing faces east and west. In fact, the choice of different buyer is diverse, and someone prefers renting to purchasing. From the angle of urban planning, the paper discusses the relationship between the boundary of the block and the property of the road, and pointed out we should design the two parts in one phrase. Basing on these contentions, the article holds the view that we should abandon the pattern of housing estate, and set up the mode of housing block in the planning of urban community. The new pattern will suit for the progress of urban community, and contain the consideration of the spatial structure of city, the mode of landuse, and the system of transportation. The housing block is small in scale and open in its boundary. It is the combination of habitation and daily life with many parts organised in one district, such as housing, commerce, culture and servings. This kind of residential district will do good to city instead of disturbing it. We can arrange the habitation singlely or mixed with other function in one block. The mode will fit for many kinds of community when they situated in different parts of city, including inner city, the edge of city and suburbs. The new pattern will profitable for the planning of community and the city, and help for the diversiform of apperance of city.