| With fast development of air transportation industry, the traffic demand has increased greatly. The airports, which are the network nodes of air transportation system connecting land and sky, become busier and busier and get more pressures. The designed capacity of more than half of domestic hub airports and main airports has been over-saturated or nearly saturated. The airside capacity is the main cause of air traffic congestion, which has been proved by many researches. The airport authorities and air traffic management departments have focused mainly on how to master the key techniques of airport operation and management, and how to improve operation level of airport system.This paper studied methods for airport airside capacity evaluation and capacity optimization. Capacity evaluation is the first step for airport planning and design, which can provide help for airport managers to grasp the airport operation rules and characteristics. Capacity optimization is to analyze aircraft activity properties at airport and to build correct mathematical models for optimal utilization of airport resources and airport capacity improvement.With respect to airside capacity evaluation, the airside was regarded as an integrated system and the simulation model of airside capacity evaluation was built by analyzing the process of aircraft at airside. With this model, a simulation system of capacity evaluation was developed for an international airport. Airport capacity and delay level were analyzed under different air traffic demands and the bottleneck was found.With respect to capacity optimization of airside, the contents conclude:Firstly, capacity was described by interval number. Multi-objective model of airside capacity utilization and traffic flow assignment was built by introducing utilization satisfaction level. It was indicated by numerical example research that the traffic delay has been reduced through coordinated assignment of air traffic flow demand. All flight demands were assigned at the given period and an effective capacity utilization and rational assignment were realized, which provide help for different management of capacity utilization and traffic flow assignment at airport terminal.Secondly, With the objective of minimizing the completion time of landing aircraft queue, an ant colony optimization algorithm(ACOA) for aircraft sequencing problem(ASP) was designed. The orthogonal test was employed to study the optimal parameters of ACOA for ASP. The feasibility and effectiveness had been verified. The results showed that completion time of landing queue could be decreased by 14% with the optimal sequence obtained by ACOA for ASP. The runway capacity and utilization was improved efficiently and congestion pressure at airport terminal was alleviated.Thirdly, Gate assignment problem(GAP) at hub airport was investigated by the simulated annealing algorithm integrated with sorting approach. The initial solution of the proposed algorithm was obtained by sorting each gate preference value and flight load factor, then the optimal solution was achieved by the traditional simulated annealing algorithm. It was indicated by the numerical example study that the simulated annealing algorithm integrated with sorting approach had better results precision than that of traditional simulated annealing algorithm, the computation efficiency was better than that of CPLEX and the convergence rate was more acceptable. The proposed algorithm can provide a new way to resolve the GAP at hub airports.Finally, to efficiently and quickly treat airport safety accident is helpful for airport capacity recovery. The network of airport airside was analyzed. A node-arc relation database was built to describe the airside network topology. Based on the above, Visual Basic and MapX were used to develop the Emergency Rescue Decision Support System for a domestic large-scale airport. The system can provide visualization and convenience supports for airport safety accident management.
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