Studies On The Environment Of Tibetan Buddhist Temples In Beijing

As a carrier of Tibetan Buddhist culture, Tibetan Buddhist temples reserve much information with great historical and cultural value. Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples have enriched the image of this ancient capital city, extended its cultural connotations, carried on the cultural vein of its historical architectural heritage and inherited and carried forward the diverse characteristics of the Chinese nation. At present, studies on Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist temples mainly focus on its doctrine, sutras, Tibetan-style architecture and religious symbols, with little touch on the overall spatial layout and environmental characteristics of Tibetan Buddhist temples. On the basis of the sequential elements in constructing landscape architecture, this paper conducts systematic study of the distribution, site selection, spatial layout, architecture style, roads and squares, featured ornaments, and greening of Tibetan Buddhist Temples in Beijing, and proposes corresponding protection and utilization recommendations. This paper serves as an important complementation of the previous studies and provides relevant reference evidence to the future protection, restoration, and reconstruction of Tibetan Buddhist Temples in Beijing.Combining theory with practice and based on reorganizing information on Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist temples in other areas, study results are got from first-hand data collected through on-site measurement, photographing and interview in investigating 12 existing Tibetan Buddhist temple in Beijing. Through analyses, final conclusions are given as follows:Tibetan Buddhism, in both Tibet and Beijing, has extensive social influences; the galaxy of Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples is a complex synthesis influenced by dual cultures of the Tibetan and the Han nationality; Spatial environment of Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples is created through multiple factors of landscape, building groups layout, featured ornaments, greening planting; The spatial environment of Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples bears a strong religious characteristic and is sequentially balanced in the space of etiquette; The architectural value of Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples lies in their functions, cultural connotations and significances in reflecting the religious connotations hidden in Tibetan Buddhist temples; Roads, squares, featured ornaments, greening and vegetation present in Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples with their simplicity in style, distinctive connotations in culture and humility in air; such factors are indispensable in helping shape the spatial environment of Beijing's Tibetan Buddhist temples. The existing Tibetan Buddhist temples in Beijing are historical and cultural heritages of the city, therefore, protection and utilization of the temples is of great significance.The work of re-examining and studying the existing Tibetan Buddhist temples in Beijing will benefit the protection and utilization of temples, more importantly, it will update Beijing's cultural connotations and bring new social values out of the study which has an unique cultural meaning.