| The forest health management is the modern forestry management idea, it is one of the important forestry sustainable development contents. Camellia oleifera is one of the four big woody oil plants in the world, widely distributes in 16 provinces and more than 1100 counties which are in the south of HuaiHe River, the Yangtze valley in china. At present, the planting areas is nearly 45,000,000mu. It hold an very important social and economical status in economic forest industry. Although there are large areas of Camellia oleifera in china, but there existing many problems such as the management and operation is extensive, the soil fertility is degradation, plant diseases and insect pests are serious, the benefit is very bad. Therefore, To guarantee the safety of oil, increase the worth of Camellia oleifera, the health management of Camellia oleifera forest has become very concern problem.This article main studied the health appraisal index system and appraisal method, it appraised the health status of Camellia oleifera in Tu Qiao forestry farm in LiuYang, HuNan Province, and analyzed the main influence factors were soil fertility, diseases and insect pests, forest structure, then aimed at these three main factors, we carried out the studies of the health regulation technology of Camellia oleifera field soil, the control technology of diseases and insect pests, and the structure optimization technology. It will guide the health management, enhance the value of Camellia oleifera, and improve the level of management. The main conclusions of the study as following:(1) The selection of health assessment indicators of Camellia oleifera. Form natural environment(conclude climate, soil, resistance and resistance), structure and function(conclude forest structure and ecological function), society and economy three aspects, this study selected 24 indicators to constructed the health assessment indicators system of Camellia oleifera.(2) The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera forest health assessment. This study calculated the indicators weights by Delphi-AHP method. And it analyzed the characters of Camellia oleifera forest health, combined with qualitative and quantitative evaluation, divided the indicators grades and valuated it. This study also introduced the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, calculated the membership degree of the indicators, and then carried out the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of each level indicators.(3) The health state of Camellia oleifera in Tu Qiao forestry farm in LiuYang, HuNan Province. The value of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was 3.3248, the max membership degree was 0.5151, it indicated that the total health state of Camellia oleifera in Tu Qiao forestry farm was in sub-health level, and it had the tendency to develop into un-health state. The key factor influence the health were the soil fertility, diseases and insect pests, forest structure.(4) The soil microorganisms and enzyme activity was the early-warning indicator of soil fertility, different culture measures will greatly influence the distribution of the soil microorganisms and the enzyme activity. In different culture measures, the total microorganisms was that: The farming land(19.7×105/g·dry soil)>mowing land(13.8×105/g·dry soil) > none-tending land(10.3·105/g·dry soil). The enzyme activity was that:in 0-20cm soil profile of the farming land, the urease activity was 32.9mg/g·24h, the sucrase activity was 1.3 ml/g·23h, the catalase activity was 0.96ml/g·20min. In the none-tending land the urease activity was 16.6 mg/g·24h, the sucrase activity was 1.01ml/g·23h, the catalase activity was 0.8 ml/g·20min. The enzyme activity of soil in tending forest were all increased.(5) The positive correlation existed among soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients in different tending measures. The total number of bacteria had a extremely significant positive correlation with soil OM (0.9286)and available P(0.9502); The total number of the fungi and the actinomycete showed positive correlation with soil OM(0.7681,0.7102), total N(0.7813,0.7190), available nitrogen(0.7813,0.7190), and avilable P(0.7350,0.7395). Soil urease had the extremely significant correlation with the other four major fertility factor; Soil sucrase and catalase had the positive correlation with the other four major fertility factor.(6) The influence of compound microorganism fertilizer which composed with the function strains form Camellia oleifera rhizosphere on Camellia oleifera health. After fertilized, the height, diameter and new roots number of seedlings were increased separately by 31.1%,13.2% and 23.2% than the control. It showed that the health state of Camellia oleifera increased obviously. Functional compound fertilizer also made some indicators significantly improved, such as rhizosphere microbial population, soil organic matter content, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other parameters. The rhizosphere microorganisms increased 49.7%, soil organic matter increased 10.5%, the content of soil available nitrogen increased 8.7%, available phosphorus increased 13.3%, available potassium increased 11.6%. The soil physical and chemical characters of Camellia oleifera rhizosphere were distinct improved.The microorganism fertilizer was considered as the most effective soil health management measures.(7) Study the antagonistic endophytic bacteria against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its antibacterial spectrum research.156 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from the healthy leaves and fruits of Camellia oleifera.9 strains which had good inhibitory effect to C. gloeosporioides were screened out by inhibitory zone method, the inhibitory rate was 75%. Through secondary screening, it was screened the most effective strain against C. gloeosporioides, which number as Y13(isolated from leaves). Through morphology, physiological and biochemical characters and molecular identification, Y13 was confirmed as Bacillus subtilis. The strain Y13 still had the antifungal function after undergo 10 transfer of culture and the effect of antifungal is stabile. Meanwhile, Y13 strain showed better resistant activity on Pestalotiopsis Stey, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Fusarium oxysporium, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria solani. Their inhibition rates were 84.3%,80.1%,81.8%,88.5% and 80.0%. It showed that because of the widely antifungal spectrum and the high antagonistic effect, Y13 had good biological control potential.(8) The research and development of wettable powders of strain Y13 and its application. Through measured the wetting time, suspensibility and thermal stability, the best combination of the WP of Y13 were diatomaceous earth, STPP and SDBS. By orthogonal test the additives' dosages of the wettable powder of Y13 were optimized:diatomaceous earth 37.17%,STPP 4.13%, SDBS 8.26%,humic acid 0.41%, original powder of Y13 50%. The indicators such as water content, moisiturizing time, pH, suspensibility etc. all reached to the related national standards. Through the safety experiment showed that the strain Y13 had slight toxieity. And the control test showed that Y13 had high effect to antagonized C. gloeosporioides in forest, the control effect reached to 70%, which was appropriate to the effect of Chlorothalonil as the control.(9) The research on the arrangement of Camellia oleifera varieties. With different arrangement of Camellia oleifera varieties, the yield, the fruit weight per plant and the fruit size which in main cultivated Camellia oleifera and its mixed varieties were existed remarkable difference. With increasing the quantity of varieties, the yield per plant of each variety in different Camellia oleifera forest was gradually increased, and the best arrangement number was 3-4 varieties. The varieties should have the same flowering season, and good pollinates the fertilization situation. Moreover, the characteristics of the crown solid density, the tree body size, the root distribution also should be arranged in reason, that will reduce the competition to water, fertilizer and illumination, and finally reach to aim of high and stable production, stable structure, strong resistance.(10) The influence of various factors of Camellia oleifera body structure on the yield per plant. Crown, tree height, canopy height, crown height and backbone number were the dominant factors affecting yield of Camellia oleifera. Crown has the most closely related to the Camellia oleifera yield per plant. With the stepwise regression analysis, established Camellia oleifera single output and various characters factor's mathematical model:Y=-3.2196+0.2464 X1+2.0203 X2-5.4757 X3+1.7034 X4+ 0.8079X5 (R=0.9127>r0.01=0.4487, F=29.9479>Fo.oi (5,30)=3.70, P=0.0001). It was showed that the equation had the extremely remarkable return relations and correlational. It could forecast the Camellia oleifera single output. The Camellia oleifera single output and crown, tree height, crown height and backbone number assumed remarkable or extremely remarkable positive correlation, but assumed the inverse correlation with canopy height. It showed that want to obtain the high output, must firstly consider increases the Camellia oleifera crown, tree height, crown height and the backbone number, then simultaneously suitably reduces canopy height. Through enhancing the light use efficiency of Camellia oleifera, to increase the result quantity and enhance the output.(11) The relationship between the cultivation density of Camellia oleifera and the output. It had been established the fine clone Camellia oleifera's output-density quantitative model which under the different condition of local growth. And it had given the optimum yield density range, which may apply directly in the production. The output-density curve equation indicated that the most suitable cultivation density was different with the different of site soil fertility. On the high soil fertility forest land, the cultivation density should suitable thin, but on the infertile forest land, the cultivation density should suitable dense. In brief, the general principles of Camellia oleifera cultivation density was:The density was moderate, the plant individual growth was well, could make maximum use of light and soil fertility, the economic outputs was highest, forest ventilation and penetrating was good, no serious pests and diseases, long life and long flourishing period. |
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