Study On The Pivotal Technology Of Intellectualized Tobacco Topping Equipment

Automatic, intellectualized comprehensive machinery is trend of currently international agricultural development, and it is the effective ways of developing efficient and investment–reducing agriculture. Countries of adopting the automatized machinery not only improve the work efficiency, reduce the work cost, but also improve its relative advantage of agricultural products in the international market on the quantity and the price.At present, agricultural mechanization has entered a rapid development period in China. But the technology of tobacco topping and Restrain-germinating fall behind. The working of tobacco topping is all acomplished by manpower(work efficiency is 0.133 hm~2/h) and then the working of disbuding and Restrain-germinating drug spraying are also entirely completed by handwork gradually (work efficiency only is 0.133 hm~2/h). the productivity is very low. Research of comprehensive machinery which can accomplish tobacco topping and Restrain-germinating drug spraying is not beginning, and report about technology of tobacco shape-following topping and Restrain-germinating drug spraying on target are not seen in China. In this situation, the intellectualized tobacco topping machine was developed, theoretical analysis and experimental research of its pivotal technology were done. The main contents include:(1)The mechanics characteristic experiment of the tobaccostalk was researched and the relationship between modulus of anti-bending elasticity and moisture content of the tobaccostalk was analyzed, the curve was fitted for experimentaldata, the mathematical model of modulus of elasticity of the tobacco stalk-the water ratio was established; used Hamilton's principle of the non-conservative system and The motion equation of the variable-section stalk impacted by Concentrated force in Single-degree-of-freedom system used Hamilton's principle of the non-conservative system; The cutting experiment for tobaccostalk topping position was done, the relationships were analyzed between the maximum force ,unit cutting force and the stalk diameter, blade fixed angle.(2) The toping process was analyzed theoretically and the calculation formula of the cutting force was established. the stalk deformation and the force impacting on the blade were analyzed and the calculating methods for factors of the cutting force were discussed, which provided basis in theory for the cut parameter of the tobacco topping machine and also provide a way for cut parameter of the other machine.(3) the spraying system on target was researched and the slider-crank mechanism was designed. It include the crank, the slider, the sliding rail, the effuser, the position switch etc. The virtual prototyping model for the slider-crank mechanism was established and its output characteristic curves were analyzed. The spraying results affected by the factors of the slider-crank mechanism was also analyzed. According to the purpose and the requirement of the experiment, the scheme of double factors and multi-factor orthogonal experiment was determined , and the influence to accuracy of each factor was analyzed, The best combination of experiment was obtained.(4) the automatic controlling spraying system on target was designed. It composed of SCM system, speed measuring module, tobaccostalk detecting module, Electromagnetic valve -controlled module , step motor-controlled module etc. The speed measuring module could realize the speed of machine real-time. When the tobaccostalk detecting module detected the signals of the stalk, on the one hand the SCM system controlled the Electromagnetic valve openning to spray, on the other hand the SCM system controlled the palstanceand the rotated angle according to the moving velocity and each time of machine,which made nozzle aim at or near to the tobaccostalk, so spraying on target was realized. Spraying was over,end, stepp motor reversalled until it touched the position switch, when position travel switch showed a signal ,the stepp motor stopped, waiting for the next work signal(5) On account of the slider moving non-uniformly which caused the nozzle and tobaccostalk exist position deviation in spraying process. So the scroll spraying system on target was designed. It changed the crank and rocker of the slider-crank mechanism to scroll and steel wire. When the step motor rotated on uniform velocity, The slider did uniformly and translational motion, its speed is same of machine and its moving orientation was opposite to machine,which made the nozzle always aim at the tobaccostalk. The simulating spraying experiment result showed when the speed of machine was 0.3 m/s in the original spraying system, the collecting solution was 63.68% of each spraying. When the speed of machine was 0.5 m/s, the collecting solution was 43.47% of each spraying. In the scroll mechanism spraying system on target, when the speed of machine was 0.3 m/s, the collecting solution was 84.51% of each spraying. When the speed of machine was 0.5 m/s, the collecting solution was 77.68% of each spraying, the effective spraying was improved obviously.