Studies On Chinese Herbal Medicine In Treatment Of Some Dam Infertilities And Its Mechanism

Dam infertility seriously affects the development of animal husbanry, becoming economical problem all over the world. Its pathogeny is intricate, but clinical common causes are mainly due to diseases of ovary and uterus, especially ovary standstill, persistent corpus luteum and endometritis. Hormone and antibiotic are usally used to treat these three kinds of infertilities in Western veterinary medicine. Although better curative effect are obtained, there are many increasingly clear disadvantages, such as tolerance and bigger side effect, especially residuary drug in livestock products to threaten human health. In traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture are applied in the treatment. They have many advantages and can effectively avoid above-mentioned drawback, but some problems, such as unstable effect, inconvenient administration, huge prescription and so on, remain to be solved. In present study, two Chinese drugs were developed for these three high-invasion infertilities. On the basis of getting reliable clinical effect by experiment, their curative mechanism were studied. The purpose of this study was to seek high — effect, low — toxicity and no — residul natural medicament for dam infertility and to serve animal production better.According to theories of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) and former researches, epimedium ( Herba epimedii ), safflower ( Flos carthami) and motherwort(Herba leonuri) were selected to compose recipe and to make into the drug known as "Fertility — Promoting intrauterine infusion Liquid (FPL)" by means of water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The drug was used to treat dam ovary standstill and persistent corpus luteum in clinical test. The results showed that FPL had marked curative effect r total oestrus rate being as hight as 94. 9% , the conception rate, 79. 4% in infertile dairy cows. In mares, sows and bitches with anestrus or acyesis after many matings, the outcome were similar. This confirms that FPL has many merits,such as stable reliable curative effect, avirulence and no side effect, convenient administration, terse prescription and so on.The mechanism of FPL treating inactive ovary and persistent corpus luteum were studied through a series of experiments. The effects of FPL and its three ingredients on growth of ovary, on micro— and ultra—structure and Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity of endometrium, on structure and keratinization rate of exfoliated cells in vaginal epithelium in mice, on microcirculation in rat and on uterine kinesis in rabbit were respectively observed by the techniques of light and electron microscopes, histochemistry, microcirculation and organ cinetography. The results have confirmed the mechanism of FPL for the sterility caused by ovary standstill and persistent corpus luteum to be as follows: (1) a weak estrogen — like role which can prompt development of ovary, proliferation and secretion of endometrium and vaginal epithelium and cornification of exfoliated cells in vaginal epithelium;(2)enhancing AKP's activity of endometrium;(3)improving microcirculation;(4) exciting uterus. It is the cooperation of all roles that, thus, activates standstill ovary, dissolves persistent corpus luteum, promotes suffering dam estrous, ovulating and pregnancy.The function chracteristics of three ingredients were observed respectively. The results revealed that epimedium mainly played estrogen — like role, safflower and motherwort, improve microcirculation and excite uterus. They made up the pharmacological basis of FPL in clinical curative effect.Anestrus dairy cows were philtred with trace oestrogen and anisodmine hydrochloride (microcirculation agonist) in order to verify the mechanism of FPL. The results showed that trace oestrogen played " Promotor" role of estrus, addition of anisodmine hydrochloride could obviously increase the estrus effect, especially for cow with persistent corpus luteum which obtained 93. 3% oestrus rate very near that of FPL. These have not only verified, but also discovered the new mechnism of FPL for ovary standstill and persistent corpus luteum: being cooperation of all pharmacological actions, especially synergism of a weak estrogen-like role with improving microcirculation.According to documental and clinical investigation and research exprience of FPL, another drug named new type FPL (NFPL) was developed for dam endometritis. Its recipe based on costituent of FPL added heat -clearing anddampness — drying drugs;Phellodendron bark {Cortex Phellodendri), Borax (Borax), Mirabilite (Natrii Sulphas), and Borneol (Borneolum). Its preparation adopted the method similar to that of FPL. Clinical results showed that NFPL had better curative and preventive effect on dam endometritis. In dairy cow, its effect was near antibiotic and cloprostenol. In sow, it shortened course of treatment, lowered curative costs and raised farrowing rate than Western medicine;preventive infusion for postpartum sow could reduce incidence of endometritis and shorten diestrus. Besides, the drug was applied to treat dairy cow with ovary standstill and persistent corpus luteum and infertile farm cow, ewe and bitch, the satisfied effects were obtained. This display that NFPL has more indications than FPL.In order to study the mechanism of NFPL treating and preventing dam endometritis, species of bacteria causing endometritis were classified and inhibiting effects of NFPL on these bacteria in vivo and in vitro were determined by tchnique of bacteriology. The effect of NFPL on uterine kinesis in rabbit were observed by means of cinetography. The dynamic effects of NFPL on serum progesterone and estradiol were assayed through radioimmunoassay. The results showed that the main pathogenic bacteria led local cows to endometritis were streptococcus, the next, Escherichia coli, staphylococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. NFPL could quickly reduce the number of the bacteria in uterus, and strongerly inhibit these bacteria in vitro. NFPL could excit the uterus, which occurred in enlarging contraction amplitude. NFPL could lower abnormal high content of progesterone and raise abnormal low oestradiol. These have confirmed the mechanism of NFPL treating and preventing endometritis to be as follows: (1) bacteria—inhibiting action, directly extinguishing pathogenic organism;(2 ) uterus — exciting, promoting purification and involution of the uterus;(3) regulating balance of reproductive endocrine hormone, accelerating resolution of the inflammation. It is synergism of all actions that forms the efficacy of anti—inflammation and fertility—promoting.