| Polymorphisms of Six Y chromosomes microsatellites were analyzed among 680 bulls or steers from 13 breeds and 4, 5, 2, 2, 5 and 4 alleles were observed at UMN0929, UMN0108, UMN0920, INRA124, UMN2404 and UMN0103, respectively. INRA124, UMN2404 and UMN0103 are the diagnose genes to distinguish the Bos Taurus and Bos indicus. The alleles specially belong to Bos Taurus and Bos indicus, respectively. Distinguish accord rate for different breeds and different individuals were above 90%.Gene Diversity index (GD), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective number of allele (E) and haplotype data were estimated of the six Y chromosome microsatellites. It showed that the average genetic diversity of Y-STRs of Chinese yellow cattle was 0.58, it was the highest in Luxi cattle (0.65) and the lowest in Yanbian cattle (0.44) and it showed that the degree of genetic variance was high in Luxi cattle and the genetic base is abundance in Chinese yellow cattle. The gene diversity of Chinese yellow cattle was proved through Y-STRs polymorphism.Based on the investigation of Bos taurus and Bos indicus Y chromosome minisatellites makers of INRA124, UMN2404 and UMN0103, in conjunction with the published data resulted from the study of Y chromosome morphologies of 262 bulls from 15 breeds, we revealed the characteristic of the distribution and genetic introgression of male indicine and taurine of Y chromosome in Chinese yellow cattle.The haplotype frequency of Y chromosome of Bos taurus was high in north breeds population (93.0%), and that of Bos indicus is high in south breeds populations(90.3%). There were both Y chromosome haplotype of Bos Taurus and Bos indicus in Chinese yellow cattle of central area. The haplotype frequency of Y chromosome of Bos indicus presented depressed trend from east to west in Chinese yellow cattle of central area, it was 75%, 67%, 66%, 32%, 29% and 6.9% in Jiaxian, Luxi, Nanyang, Jinnan, Qinchuan and Zaosheng cattle, respectively. The genetic influence of Bos Taurus is bigger than that of Bos indicus in Jinnan, Qinchuan and Zaosheng cattle, and on the contrary in Jiaxian, Luxi and Nanyang cattle. The Bos Taurus origin is the highest flight in the former breeds and the Bos indicus is the highest flight in the latter breeds. The haplotype of Y-STR had potential application value in individual identity and parentage test. The haplotype genetic diversity was figured out by haplotype frequency and it was 0.94 and the individual identify rate and non-father eliminate rate was the same. It showed that Y-STR had important role in non-father eliminate and it had high distinguish rate. It showed that the system had strong individual difference and it had important role for individual identify of cattle. The relationship between the alleles of Y-STRs UMN0929 and UMN0108 and some beef performance of 254 steers in three pure cattle and two hybrid cattle (Qinchuan 58, Luxi56, Jinnan52, hybrid of Simmental and Qinchuan 40, hybrid of Angus and Qinchuan 48) was studied. It showed that Y-STRs UMN0929 and UMN0108 had significant correlation with some beef performances.The least square means of BPI and CW of hybrids of Simmental and Qinchuan were the biggest, and it were 4.50 (kg·cm-1) and 338.28 kg, respectively, Luxi's were the smallest, and it were 3.62 (kg·cm-1) and 269.33kg, respectively in UMN0929.The least square means of BPI and CW of G-190 of UMN0929 in Qinchuan were the biggest, and it were 4.23 (kg·cm-1) and 325.40 kg, respectively. It were the smallest, and it were 3.81 (kg·cm-1) and 278.07kg of B-178, respectively. The BPI and CW of G-190 and E-186 were higher significantly than that of B-178 (P＜0.01). The least square means of BPI and CW of E-189 of UMN0108 in Qinchuan were the biggest, and it were 4.07 (kg·cm-1) and 243.30 kg, respectively. It were the smallest in C-185, and it were 3.49 (kg·cm-1) and 194.90kg, respectively. The BPI, CW and NR of E-189 and F-191 were higher significantly than that of C-185 (P＜0.01).Haemoglobin(Hb), transferring(Tf) post transferring(PTf), albumin(Alb), post albumin(Pa) polymorphism in the blood of 148 individuals in Qinchuan were investigated by poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in this study. Date on their phenotypes and gene frequency of the five polymorphic loci were tabulated. Relationships between genetic markers and reproductive performance were analyzed by least square. The results revealed that AFS and AFC of Hb AA were remarkable earlier than Hb AB's. AFS and AFC of Tf AA were remarkable earlier than Tf DD's. AFS of PT_f SS were remarkable earlier than PT_f FS's and PT_f FF'S. AFS of Alb AA was remarkable earlier than Alb AC's. CI of Pa AA were remarkable shorter than PaBB's. The gene replacement average benefit of Tf A substitute TfD were AFS1. 68 days and AFC19.89 days. The gene replacement average benefit of AlbA substitute AlbB were AFS8.06 days.
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