Study On The Nutrients,Bioactive Materials And Cultivation Characteristics Of Lilium Lancifolium Thunb

Lilium is one of important plant of vegetable food or medicine, as the great original habitat country of Lilium, China possess of plenty resource- 46 genus and 18 varieties, and more than half species of the world occurred in China. Although there are many varieties of lilium, most of them are used as cutting flowers merely, and few of them were planted for medicine or food. L.lancifolium Thunb is a special edible lilium; it is a botanical triploid type. It has strong resistance to drought and sunlight, high yields, and they can be propagated easily, moreover, they can adapt to grow in more various soils types. The Chinese medicine thought L.lancifolium Thunb has the very good value on medical treatment.The L.lancifolium Thunb was used as materials in the study, L.davidii var.Unicolor(Hoog)Cotton was comparison, the cultivation characteristics, nutrients, bioactive materials were studied synthetically, which will provide theoretic foundation to avail the resource of L.lancifolium Thunb. The main results in this research as follows:1. To compare the contents of amino acids , mineral elements and elementary nutrient compositions between L.Lancifolium Thunb and traditional edible L.davidii var., 8 necessary amino acids were examined, and L.Lancifolium.Thunb was higher than that of L.davidii var.by7.05%, the total amino acids content was higher by11.24%; except P and K, the contents of Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg and Se in L.Lancifolium Thunb was higher than that in L.davidii var.; and the content of protein, fat, crude fibre, Vc and total phospholipids similarly, L.Lancifolium.Thunb was higher than that in L.davidii var. too.2. The high extraction rates of ultrasonic were determined by compare the ultrasonic extraction rates with two traditional extractions methods. The different temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, ratio of solid - liquid showed the different affect to extraction rates of bioactive materials of flavone, saponin, alkaloid, and polysaccharide. Moreover, the optimal technique for extracting the four bioactive materials in definite time were discussed by orthogonal experimental design, which will provide theoretic reference to research and product by factory for the bioactive materials of lilium. 3. The anti-bacterial activity of the two varieties (L.davidii var.Unicolor (Hong) and L.lancifolium Thunb) from different commercial production areas was compared, the result indicated that the different lilium from the different areas have anti-bacterial activity in a certain extention. The main results as follows: the anti-bacterial activity of original habitat of lilium was higher than the lilium from other areas except anti-salmonella typhi; the anti-bacterial activity of L.lancifolium.Thunb to the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis were higher than the anti-bacterial activity of L.davidii var. The path analysis between the anti-bacterial and contents of the bioactive materials showed that the main secondary metabolites which impacted on the anti-bacterial activity of extraction from lilium bulbs were the alkaloid. The research will give a new cognition and theory base of officinal data for L.lancifolium Thunb; moreover, the results will give a direction of separating and extracting of bioactive materials from L.lancifolium Thunb.4. The chemical components of L.lancifolium Thunb (Hanzhong)were examined by means of test tube pretest and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), it was examined for many different kinds of chemical components in L.lancifolium Thunb from Hanzhong, such as phenols, tannin, alkaloids, polysaccharides and its sterol, saponin, steroid, terpenoid, flavones and its sterol, amino acid, polypeptide, volatile oil and oil. To adopt the systematic solvent extraction and the way of extraction of the anti-bacterial experiment, and to adopt silica column chromatography, Al2O3 solid-phase extraction, six compounds were separated from chloroform layer, and three compounds were determined by means of chemic qualitative analysis and spectral mensuration(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,HSQC,1H -1HCOSY,HMBC), the main compounds wereβ-sitosterol, daucosterol andβ-lumicolchicine, andβ-lumicolchicine was found firstly from the plant.5. The test were also carried out for the compare the impact of contents of bioactive materials by different cultivation conditions. The different cultivation conditions induced the different contents of bioactive materials of lilium. In this research, the bioactive materials and nutrition composition were used as evaluated index, and the subjection value -X (ij) was used to evaluate the impact of bioactive materials of lilium by different cultivation conditions, moreover, the value can be used in production practice to determinate the optimal cultivation conditions and harvest time.6. The cultivation characteristics and economic characteristics of L.davidii var. and L.Lancifolium Thunb was investigated in Yangling and Hanzhong. The results showed that renewal bulbs and growth capacity of L.Lancifolium Thunb and L.davidii var.in open filed was higher than that in protected cultivation condition. Average weight-growth ratio, average diameter and average fresh weight of renewal bulbs planted in sand loam higher than that planted in yellow soil; Average weight-growth ratio, average diameter and average fresh weight of renewal bulbs planted in Hanzhong higher than that planted in Yangling.