Study On Natural Products From Five Edible And Medicinal Macrofungi

Large quantity of natural products with different structure types have not only been focused on the study of functional molecules for the organism in the fields of chemical defense,chemical regulation and signal transduction,but also played a vital role in the discovery of new pharmacy.Many natural product derivatives with specific structure can be produced through combinatorial chemistry and other biotechnologies, but they need to be improved for the discovery of new pharmacy.The diversity of natural products were hard to be imagined and designed by any scientists.The natural products were still important resources of lead compounds of new pharmacy.Edible and medicinal macrofungi can produced abundant natural products with many kinds of bioactivity.Recent years,more and more edible and medicinal macrofungi can be cultured by liquid and solid fermentation.Moreover,it was proved that the nutritional value and chemical component of fermentation product of these macrofungi were higher and more abundant than their fruit body or sclerotium.So,the diversity and bioactivity of natural product from edible and medicinal macrofungi by fermentation attracted more and more attention of natural products chemist and mycologist.In this study,the component and bioactivity of organic extract from 18 edible and medicinal macrofungi including 1 strains introduced from Brazi(Lentinus striguellus,), 10 strains isolated from the wild(Clavicorona pyxidata,Fistulina hepatica,Phellinus vanini,Lepista sordida,Morchella esculenta,Marasmius androsaceus,Lactarius deliciosus,Thelephora ganbajum,Cordyceps sinensis and Agrocybe sp.,) and 5 strains that have been extensively cultivated(Agrocybe chaxinggu,Clitocybe illudens, FlammuLina veLatipes,Hericium erinaceus,Oudemansiella radicata,Pleurotus citrinopileatus,Pleurotus eryngii) were explored.The results showed that the methanol extract from Clavicorona pyxidata was more abundant than others.MTT assays indicated that the methanol extract from Hericium erinaceus and Lentinus striguellus have stronger cytotoxity against HeLa cells than other extracts.The methanol extracts from Agrocybe sp had the bioactivity of antibacteria and anti-candida.The methanol extracts from Phellinus vanini and Fistulina hepatica had the bioactivity of inhibition on elastase.So,the strains Clavicorona pyxidata,Phellinus sp.,Agrocybe sp.,Hericium erinaceus and Lentinus striguellus were selected for further investigation of natural products from these strains by liquid or solid fermentation.In consequence,55 natural products,whose structure were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic data,mass-spectrometric,UV,IR,rotational,circular diophrism, chemical reactions and X-ray single crystal diffraction,were isolated from these selective strains.25 natural products of these compounds were new.Twenty-two compounds were isolated and eluciated from the strain Clavicorona pyxidata,including sesquiterpenes,aromatic derivatives,macrolide,pyrone,polyketide and adenosine.There were ten new compounds including two sesquiterpenes with novel backbone,named as clavicoronane-type,four new protoilludane-type sesquiterpenes,one new tsugicoline L-type sesquiterpenes,one new sesquiterpene dimer,one new methylphenyl-pentanediol derivatives and one new macrolide.The crystallographic data of the compounds phenylbutenolide derivative,adenosine,tsugicoline C,and one novel clavicoronane-type sesquiterpene obtained from the X-ray single crystal diffraction were first reported and have been deposited with the Cambridge Crysatallographic Data Center.Additionally,the transformation of major sesquiterpenes in the liquid fermentation of Clavicorona pyxidata were explored by the method of HPLC and TLC.The biosynthesis pathway of major sesquiterpenes of Clavicorona pyxidata was putated.Ten compounds were isolated and identified from the strain Lentinus striguellus, including seven prenylhydroquinones,one sterols,one polyketide and one alkaloid. There were six new compounds including four Prenylhydroquinones(lentinols A-D), striguellone A and one alkaloid.Striguellone A showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells by MTT assay and was found to be an activator of apoptosis,assessed by morphological observation and cell cycle analysis by the flow cytometer. Five abscisic acid-type sesquiterpenes(two of these compounds were new) and adenosine were isolated and identified from the strain Phellinus vanini.Seven compounds were isolated and identified from the strain Agrocybe sp. including the five drimane-type sesquiterpenes,one norsesquiterpene and one known compound agrocybin,a polyacetylene with the bioactivities of cytotoxic, immunosuppressive,trypanocidal and antifungal.Two drimane-type sesquiterpenes and the norsesquiterpene were new.Ten natural products(four of them were new) were isolated and identified from the strain Hericium erinaceus,including aromatic derivatives,pyrone derivatives, polyketide and diterpenoid.The major component was the known diterpenoid compound erinacine P which was nerve growrh factor and has the bioability of cytotxity.In a conclusion,our works indicated that edible and medicinal macrofungi could produced abundant natural products with many kinds of structure type and had diverse bioactivities including antimicrobial and antitumor through fermentation. Moreover,the speciality of these compounds from these different strains will be chemical markers for classification.