The Physiology Characteristic Research Of The Leaf Color Changes On The Spling Of The Acer Ginnala Maxim.

Acer ginnala Maxim.was arbors or arboret which belong to maple.It was in northeast and Northern Chian and Mongolia,whose leaf shape was graceful,especially after autumn,so it had high view value and was one of tree species garden application in Northern region.Now, the more study on Acer ginnala centered on exploitation and utilization of leaf galic acid.The study on the relationship of photosynthesis character and leaf color on seasonal aspect change and mechanism of leaf color changes wasn't reported.In this study,we chosed the young plant of as the materials and researched the photosynthesis character and dynamic state change rule of leaf coloron Acer ginnala.At the same time,the difference and changes of different light treat(16h/8h,12h/12h,8h/16h) and different temperature treat(35℃/25℃,25℃/15℃,25℃/15℃).In the result,we sieved the key factor which influenced leaf color expression and analyzed the correlation on every factor.The findings were followed:1.The yearly changes of the leaf of net photosynthesis rate on Acer ginnala offered the dissymmetry double hump curve;The parameter of stomatal conductance and the CO₂ density had no significant difference.The net photosynthesis rate,the stomatal conductance and the photosynthetically active radiation and the transpiration rate offered the single hump curve,the daily changes of the net photosynthesis rate were higher than these of the summer.The light compensation point was 61.lumol.m^-2.s^-1 and the light saturation point was 1070μmol.m^-2.s^-1 the quantum yield was 0.0116,the CO₂ compensation point was 31.16μmol.CO₂ mol^-1 and the CO₂ compensation point was 1340μgmol.CO₂.mol^-1,the carboxylation rate was 0.0099.The of analytic result photosynthesis parameter indicted:These indicted that the realationship of the dependability CO₂ desity and the net photosynthesis rate,the stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate were powerful.The stomatal conductance influenced the transpiration rate and accordingly influenced the net photosynthesis rate.The direct factor of influencing the stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate was photosynthetically active radiation.2.The process of development changes of leaf color on Acer ginnala were described quantitatively used CIE color analysis method,which made digitalization and warch firstly.In the result,the model on the cyanin which was the key pigment during leaf changes and the leaf color parameter were built.The change tendency on leaf color in different seasons was light green,red borderline,red in a large of parts except vein,red leaf,light red,green,superficial green,yellow green,orange red,bright red;the color of the lobus superior changed early and became more light and bright;the value of L,a^* and b^*in autumn were higher than these of spring significantly,so the view in the autumn were more powerful.3.The various pigment content of leaf offered the change rule according to the leaf age and the season changes.The chlorophyll content was the highest in high temperature in summer, the cyanin content was the highest in red leaf period in autumn,the change of carotenoid was equability and the relationship between carotenoid and photosynthesis was't close;the total chlorophyll content heightened gradually accompaning to leaf position,the leaf color became light and green,which were the carotenoid and the cyanin.The ratio on the cyanin and the chlorophyll was conformity to cyanin,which indicted that the difference of leaf color on different leaf position was origin of the change of the cyanin had no obviously relationship. The cyanin content had close relationship to photosynthesis.The cyanin content and the ratio of the cyanin content accrescenced according to CO₂ density advance and accrescenced according to photosynthetically active radiation depress.4.The change tendency of the dissolubility sugar content,the cyanin content and the PAL enzymatic activity on leaf were similar.The dissolubility sugar had inverse correlation relationship to environment temperature and its content was the highest in red leaf period in the autumn;The starch content offered the drop tendency slowly,which was opposite to the dissolubility sugar change tendency and had direct correlation to temperature.The protein content had inverse correlation to environment temperature and photosynthetically active radiation.These indicted that the low temperature in autumn and short sunshine could promote the synthesis of the leaf protein,degrade the buildup of starch and invert part of starch to glucose,thus the PAL enzymatic activity were increased and the synthesis of cyanin was promoted,the leaf color changed red.The dissolubility sugar and the protein content decreased accordingly to leaf position depress and the starch content increased.5.The photoperiod influenced that the leaf expression on Acer ginnala.The net photosynthetic rate of was fall-off gradully.The Chla,Chla+b and the carotenoid descended and the Chlb content offered the increase tendency;the cyanin content,the PAL enzymatic activity and the ratio the cyanin and Chl offered increase,the leaf color became red;the starch content was 12h＞8h＞16h,but the photoperiod had little influence on the carotenoid and the protein content of leaf.6.The temperature influenced the leaf color change on Acer ginnala.The cyanin content increased gradually following to temperature decrease.The cyanin content in 15℃was higher than the treatment in 25℃and 35℃significantly,the carotenoid content had quiet difference in 25℃and 35℃.These indicted that low temperature promoted the form of the cyanin.The main reason was that the low temperature(15℃) promoted the resolution of the chlorophyl.As a result,the cyanin content was the higher the chlorophyl content and the leaf became red.The dissolubility sugar,the protein content and the PAL enzymatic activity increased gradually followihg to temperature decrease;the starch content had significant difference in different treatment.These indicated that low temperature degraded the rate of dark respiration, accelerated the accumulation of the dissolubility sugar and encouraged the synthesis of cyanin.7.The cyanin of Acer ginnala had low light and heat stability.It could hold the cyanin stability under low temperature and dark condition.So the extraction pocess of the cyanin of Acer ginnala should be away from light,the optimization extraction time was 6 h,pH was lower or equal 3.0,the temperature was 5～20℃C.