| Soybean originated from China and belonged to Legume Glycine, which was Annual herbaceous plant. It called "Shu" in ancient China and it seed contained rich protein. Chinese people had grown soybean for five thousand years. Now it was generally grown nationwide, especially in Yangtze river basin and southwest, The optimal quality soybean was in northeast region. Soybean which was grown in others country directly or indirectly spread out by china. Because of its high nutritional value, soybean was called "The king of beans", "Meat in the field", "Green milk", and so on. Germplasm resources was very rich in our country, but the narrow genetic basis of soybean varieties had induced the reducing of yield and Serious influenced and restricted the development of soybean industry. Therefore, this research selected 300 representative materials from wild and cultivated soybean varieties and germplasm banks in Heilongjiang province based on the different groups to study its genetic diversity respectively from the morphology, protein, allozyme and DNA level, in order to broaden the genetic basis and increase the yield and quality of soybean.Results of morphological diversity analysis on testing varieties showed that differentiation coefficient of growth period of core germplasm materials was maximum and was 0.17; differentiation coefficient of plant height of core germplasm materials was maximum and was 0.437; differentiation coefficient of protein content of wild germplasm materials was maximum and was 0.109; differentiation coefficient of fat content of wild germplasm materials was maximum and was 0.18; differentiation coefficient of hundred grain weight of wild germplasm materials was maximum and was 1.308; variance analysis of five quantitative traits of different original varieties achieved a significant level; most podding habits of cultivated soybean was sublimited, most podding habits of core germplasm materials was limited, most podding habits of wild soybean was unlimited; most seed capsule color of cultivated soybean was yellow and primrose yellow, most seed capsule color of wild soybean was brown and puce, most seed capsule color of core germplasm materials was yellow; most seed shape of cultivated soybean was round and oblate, most seed shape of core germplasm materials was oblate and flat oval, most seed shape of wild soybean was flat oval.Mass spectrum analysis on peroxidase allozyme of testing varieties showed that 3 genetic loci and 15 enzyme bands were detected, all of detected genetic loci were polymorphic loci. 3 genetic loci (PER1,PER2 and PER3) of peroxidase allozyme respectively contained 3, 5 and 7 enzyme bands.Mass spectrum analysis on protein subunits of testing varieties showed that variation range of 7S subunit content of cultivated soybean varieties was from 11.93% to 41.33%, mean of it was 26.06%, variance of it was 4.77, differentiation coefficient of it was 18.3, content of 57 varieties was higher than mean; variation range of 7S subunit content of wild soybean varieties was from 19.19% to 42.53%, mean of it was 30.68%, variance of it was 5.7, differentiation coefficient of it was 18.6, content of 31 varieties was higher than mean; variation range of 11S subunit content of cultivated soybean varieties was from 69.5% to 40.33%, mean of it was 60.27%, variance of it was 4.27, differentiation coefficient of it was 7.03, content of 55 varieties was higher than mean; variation range of 11S subunit content of wild soybean varieties was from 51.58% to 71.47%, mean of it was 63.94%, variance of it was 3.75, differentiation coefficient of it was 2.88, content of 30 varieties was higher than mean; maximum and minimum of 11S/7S of cultivated soybean varieties was 5.34 and 1.03, maximum and minimum of 11S/7S of wild soybean varieties was 3.65 and 1.31,the mean was 2.41 and 2.34 respectively, 11S/7S of 41 cultivated soybean varieties was higher than mean, 11S/7S of 21 wild soybean varieties was higher than mean, the difference of 11S and 7S protein subunit content in different original varieties were significant, 11S globulin content was higher than 7S globulin content, 1 ls/7s value had large range of variation.SSR detecting of testing varieties was carried on by 50 selected SSR primers, the results showed that 742 loci was detected by 50 random primers, 627 of them was polymorphic loci and the rate reached 84%. Testing materials could be divided into 4 kinds by clustering analysis, frist kind accounted for 58% and contained 167 varieties which mostly was cultivated soybean varieties and core germplasm materials; second kind accounted for 25% and contained 71 varieties which was cultivated soybean varieties and wild soybean varieties and core germplasm materials; third kind accounted for 15% and contained 43 varieties which entirely was wild soybean varieties; fourth kind contained 7varieties, 2 of them was cultivated soybean varieties, 5 of them was core germplasm materials.Comprehensive analysis results fully showed that selected soybean germplasm resources had abundant genetic diversity.
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