Diversity Analysis Of Breeding Traits Of Soybean Germplasm Resources In Heilongjiang

Diversified genetic resources are an important material basis for cultivating new soybean varieties with multiple breeding goals.In this study a total of 455 germplasm resources of soybean varieties(or lines)includ ing local varieties,bred varieties and imported varieties were planted in two locations of Heilongjiang province for two years.Evaluation of the diversity of traits,screening of excellent germplasm resources,groups divisionwas conducted through genetic diversity index analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis based on the data of 17 breeding traits involving growth period,plant type,seed yield,seed quality,grain type.The main results were showed as follows:(1)The genetic variation of soybean germplasm resources exist widely,and the order of traits based on the coefficient of variation from high to low exhibited as worm feed rate,pod related traits,seed yield related traits including number of pods per plant and pod number per plant,plant type related traits including plant height and number of main stem,seed shape related traits of plant type traits,and quality traits such as protein content and oil content.(2)Genetic diversity indexes of early growth stages,late growth stages,plant height,nod number of main stem,podnumberper plant,seed number per plant,one-,two-,and three-and four-seed pod number were higher than grand average,and those of hundred seed weight,seed length,seed width,seed thickness,budworm feed rate,protein and oil content were lower than the average.(3)Among the 455 germplasm resources tested,there were 6 high-protein soybean germplasm resources,17 high-oil soybean germplasm resources,12 large-grain soybean germplasm resources,and 6 more pod resources.(4)Plant type,yield-related traits showed significant negative correlations with grain type factors,4 grain-type traits showed extremely significant positive correlations,and protein and oil content showed very significant negative correlations.Soybean protein content increased with grain length and grain breadth and The oil content decreases as the grain length and grain width increase.The number of three pods and the number of four pods are negatively correlated w ith the four grain type-related traits,the number of one and two pods are positively correlated with the number of three pods,and the relationship between the number of four pods Is negatively correlated.(5)Depending on five principal components of seed shape,pod number,plant type,quality,and growth period,each variety was evaluated,and 4,19,54,135,174 varieties was excellent for five,four,three,two,one principal components,respectively.(6)The 435 soybean germplasm resources tested were grouped into four categories.The first and second categories were high-quality and high-yield soybean variety resources,the third category was the soybean germplasm resources,and the fourth category was the small-grain soybean germplasm resources.The results provide theoretical and technical support for new soybean varieties breeding and molecular genetics research.