| The thesis studied extraction technique for Artemisia annua in orthogonal experiment design and its active components by GC-MS and LC-MS,and measured effects of the Artemisia annua extracts on C18 UFA biohydrogenation rate in vitro,VFA in the rumen,VA and CLA in the rumen,blood plasma and milk in dairy goats, artery-venous fatty acids composition in the mammary glands,SCD in mammary glands in vivo and fatty acids composition in mammary glands cells in vitro. A preliminary study on the effects of Artemisia annua extraction on CLA in goats milk and its mechanism was carried.The thesis is composed of five parts as follows:Part 1 Screening extraction technique for Artemisia annua and analysis of its active componentsAccording to extracting rate, an extraction technique for Artemisia annua in orthogonal experiment design was screened and its active components were analysed through GC-MS and LC-MS method. The results showed :①The parameters for a proper extraction technique were 55% ethanol concentration, 95℃extraction temperature and 2 h extraction time;②The active components were sesquiterpenoids, aromatics, fatty acids, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenoids,fat, alkaloids, phenols, heterocycle compounds, terpenoids and other compounds through GC-MS method and LC-MS method.Part 2 Studying the effects of Artemisia annua extracts on VA,CLA,C18 UFA biohydrogenation rate and other fatty acids concentrations in vitro Doses of Artemisia annua extracts for supplementation as freeze-dried basis were:0(as control),3,30,300 and 3000 mg/L mixed culture fluid respectively in vitro.The results showed :①C 18 UFA(c9C18:1,C18:2和C18:3) biohydrogenation rate increased gradually with culture time and arrived the highest value at 24h, C18:2 biohydrogenation rate was 68.33-82.71% at 24h, C18:3 biohydrogenation rate was 54.37-82.11%,but C18 UFA concentration decreased gradually and arrived the lowest value at 24h.②As an intermediate of biohydrogenation, VA increased gradually with culture time and arrived the highest value at 24h;CLA decreased gradually and arrived the lowest value at 24h,VA/CLA was 18.79-41.06 at 24h,VA concentrations in vitro was increased by additing Artemisia annua extracts.Part 3 Studying the effects of AAE on runinal fermentation parameters in vivo, fatty acids in the rumen,blood plasma and milk in dairy goats Nine Guanzhong dairy goats (38kg) in lactating (DIM120+15d) with permanent ruminal cannula were used in 3×3 Latin-square design in 30-d experimental periods.The experiments groups comprised the control and two treatments(Treatment one and treatment two, the doses of AAE for supplementation was 7.26g/d and 12.10g/d for every goat). Each experimental period comprised a 14-d adaptation and a 16-d sampling period. The results showed :①Ruminal pH values tended to increase in two treatments for AAE supplemention compared with the control;②NH3-N concentration tended to decrease in two treatments for AAE supplemention compared with the control;③TVFA,acetic,propionic and butyric concentrations tended to decrease in two treatments, the A/P tended to increase;④AAE supplemention increased VA concentration in the rumen and blood plasma,the C18 UFA concentration tended to decrease;⑤AAE supplemention increased VA and CLA concentrations in dairy goats milk,the treatment two significantly increased VA and CLA concentration in dairy goats milk(P<0.05);⑥DMI in the treatment one was increased,and contrary,DMI tended to decrease in the treatment two;⑦Milk yield and milk composition tended to increase in two experiments.Part 4 Studying the effects of AAE on artery-venous fatty acids concentrations and SCD in the mammary gland by artery-venous blood vessel catheter techniqueNine Guanzhong dairy goats (38kg) in lactation (DIM 210+15d) were divided into three groups as same as above. Experimental comprised a 30-d adaptation and a 2-d sampling period for determing artery-venous fatty acids concentrations in the mammary gland. The results showed :①AAE supplemention increased VA and CLA concentrations both in artery-venous blood;②Synthesis of medium-chain and short chain fatty acids were increased ,but long chain fatty acid were not influenced in the mammary gland;③AAE supplemention decreased SCD,ACC mRNA and increased FAS mRNA ,but LPL mRNA in the experiment one was significantly increased and LPL mRNA in the experiment twowas significantly decreased.Part 5 Studying the effects of AAE on CLA and VA concentrations in the mammary glandThe doses of AAE for supplementation as freeze-dried basis were:0(as control),2.5,5 and 10mg/L in cow mammary tissue culture in vitro. The results showed :①AAE supplemention restraint the growth of mammary gland cells ;②Three treatments all increased CLA concentration in the mammary gland,which implied that SCD mRNA tended to increase by AAE supplemention in mammary tissue culture in vitro;③Milk fat tended to increase by AAE supplemention in oil red O stainin experiment .
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