| Artemisia annua L is Asteraceae herbs with one year old, which mainly extract artemisinin medicinal ingredients from plant leaf. Nowadays more scholars have made a great contribution to the chemical, pharmacological and other aspects of the plant Artemisia annua, but few studies on the Artemisia annua fertilization nutritional physiology, and various fertilizers and ratios have different effect on the growth and development and physiological status of Artemisia annua, with the different active ingredient content and yield, and influence its quality. It would bring some difficulties for the Artemisia annua plant cultivation.This paper studies comprehensively the growth and development of Artemisia annua leaves, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, the artemisinin content and yield, by field test about the different amount and ratio of three kinds of fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.The main results are as follows:Under the different conditions of the rates and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium,with the gradual extension of the growth period, do increase the Artemisia annua plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and root length. The growth rate of the Artemisia annua is faster in the late growth stage.During the Different fertilization ratio in the growth and development time, growth indicators of processing3,4,5are the best,6and7with the better growth characteristics,1and2with poor growth. The correlation analysis showed that the artemisinin content was positively correlated with morphological indexes in height, branch number, stem diameter of Artemisia annua in different nitrogen and phosphorus processing, was positively correlated with larger correlation coefficient with the number of branches, and was negative correlation with root length. The artemisinin content dealt with different Potassium was negatively correlated with plant height, branch number, stem diameter and root length. Photosynthesis of each Artemisia annua treatment is the most strongest in branches peak. During different nitrogen application process, Artemisia annua leaf net photosynthetic rate of N3treatment is the highest, followed by N2, N1.The difference between each treatment and control reaches a significant level. Effect of phosphorus treatment shows an overall trend the phosphate levels increase with the improvement of net photosynthetic rate, and net photosynthetic rate of P5, P4are the highest.In different amount of potassium handling, leaf net photosynthetic rate of K3and K4are higher. It is a significant difference between each treatment. Low amount of nitrogen processing, low amount of phosphorus processing and low amount of potassium are higher intercellular CO2concentration of leaves of Artemisia annua, the lower to the contrary. Among the different fertilization ratios, net photosynthetic rates of processing1,6are higher and is no significant difference; intercellular CO2concentration of handle1,5,6was also higher and is significant difference.Reducing sugar content of Artemisia annua leaves with different amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fertilizer ratio show a trend of increased and then decreased during the growth process. In the early growth stage, the reducing sugar of the N3and the N4are higher; with reducing sugar content in the leaves increase, the phosphate levels are also increasing; K3and K4have high reducing sugar. Fertilization ratio dealt with4,5and6has a higher the reducing sugar. Changes in the starch content of Artemisia annua leaves showed a single peak curve in the early growth stage. The starch content of low-nitrogen treatment is higher in the late growth stage, the starch content of the high nitrogen treatment is higher, and high nitrogen processing slowly decline. Under the certain amount of nitrogen and potassium conditions, the amount of phosphorus is higher starch content between1and2kg/10m2. The high potassium handling have higher starch content in the early growth stage, and low potassium treatment is in the late growth stage. Among different fertilization ratio, the starch content of5,6,7are higher. The changes between Amylase activity and the starch content is opposite. Under certain amount of phosphorus and potassium, the amylase activity on the peak of amount of nitrogen with the0-300g/10m2appeared the peak earlier, peak appeared later in450-700g/10m2. Increasing phosphate fertilizer can improve the amylase activity in branching peak; low potassium dosage can increase amylase activity. The amylase activity of5,6,7are higher among the ratio of different fertilization. Different amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and all the fertilization ratio processing have a higher protein nitrogen content of Artemisia annua leaves at the seedling stage, followed by a downward trend. In certain amount of phosphorus and potassium conditions, increasing the amount of nitrogen can increase the nitrate reductase activity of Artemisia annua at the early growth and development stage. Under the certain amount of nitrogen and potassium conditions with the amount of phosphate in0.5-1kg/10m2,nitrate reductase activity increase with increasing phosphate levels. The nitrate reductase activity inphosphate levels decreased significantly when phosphate levels continue to increase. In early branch, when the amount of phosphorus and potassium is a certain level, enzyme activity is higher in the potassium content of200to300g/10m2.From the ratio of different fertilization, nitrate reductase activity influenced by nitrogen fertilizer in the initial stage of brach, followed by nitrogen and potassium, but is less affected by phosphorus.In the whole growth period Nitrogen and potassium absorption of Artemisia annua leaf of each treatment is greater than phosphorus absorption. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of different amount of nitrogen and phosphorus processing in the bud stage to reach the peak, and the different amount of potassium handling in the branching stage to reach the peak. NPK absorption of the combination of different fertilizer ratio which is1:0.2～2.5:0.1～1.25between nitrogen quantity and p quantity and k quantity is higher in the branches and highest in squaring period. The content of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Mg of Artemisia annua leaves of each treatment are higher in the branches peak.In the different fertilization treatments, the whole dry matter accumulation of annua plant shows a rising trend, the slow accumulation in the early growth stage and late accumulated rapidly. In each different amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium processing, they showed dry matter increased with the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increasing, dry matter of5,6processings are higher in the different fertilization ratio. Before the growth and development, the dry matter distribution rate of the annua leaves is the only highest. In the early bud stage, the dry matter of the various organs allocated as follows:branch> leaves> stems> roots, average distribution rate of the branch in different phosphate levels is the highest. In different fertilization ratio, the overall fertilization ratio of between the amount of nitrogen and phosphate and potash is1:0.2～2.5:0.1～1.25have the higher dry matter distribution of branches and leaves,and the vigorous growth.With the amount of phosphorus and potassium increasing, the artemisinin content increased, when the overall fertilization ratio of between the amount of nitrogen,phosphate and potash is1:0.2～2.5:0.1～1.25,combination have higher artemisinin content. Artemisinin yield differences in the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fertilizer processing is significant, difference of Artemisia annua leaf yield and artemisinin content of this test7ratio combination are significant,of which handle4(nitrogen300g/hm2, phosphate2.5kg/10hm2, potash100g/hm2)is the best combination ratio and the highest yield of district artemisinin.In summy,when the certain of the amount of phosphorus and potash, artemisinin production is higher in nitrogen levels between150g/10hm2and300g/10hm2.In the amount of nitrogen and potash, the best level of phosphorus is identified as the>lkg/10hm2,which is the most beneficial to artemisinin productionth; in a certain of the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen, the best amount of potassium is the amount of potassium≥200g/10hm2; in the Artemisia annua producing areas, appropriate fertilization ratio is nitrogen300g/10hm2;phosphorus1000-2000g/10hm2,potassium200-500g/10hm2. |
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