The Effect Of Glutamine To The Immune Function,Bacteria Translocation,Liver Apoptosis,the Expression Of Bcl-2,bax In The Rat With Obstructive Jaundice

The effect of glutamine to the immune function,bacteria translocation,liver apoptosis,the expression of bcl-2,bax in the rat with obstructive jaundiceSpeciality:general surgery Director:professor tanyuquanObstructive jaundice is a kind of common clinical features.It is characterized by an increase of bilirubin in the blood due to the blockage of the bile ducts and by the appearance of yellowness in the eyes and skin.It is often caused by the stone of the bile duct, inflammation of the bile duct,stenosis of the bile duct and malignant tumor. A major factor which promotes bacterial and endotoxin translocation in obstructive jaundice is physical injury of the intestinal mucosa.Bacteria overgrowth and translocation,endotoxin and immune dysfunction is the important death reason for the patients with obstructive jaundice. Glutamine is considered a non-essential amino acid and is the most abundant amino acid in the bloodstream,.glutamine fulfills a number of biochemical needs., Glutamine can be converted to other amino acids, to glucose in the liver, and contributes to nucleotide, amino sugar, and protein biosynthesis.Fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and macrophages use glutamine as a metabolic fuel, as well as using it for nucleotide synthesis. The functioning of these cells can be significantly affected with glutamine depletion .It operates as a nitrogen shuttle, taking up excess ammonia and forming urea. Glutamine is primarily formed and stored in skeletal muscle and lungs, and is the principal metabolic fuel for small intestine enterocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts. It can maintains mucosal integrity. It also prevents bacterial translocation, which may be involved in sepsis and the development of multiple organ failure. and has been shown to decrease the incidence of infection.Other studies also point toward enhancement of gut immune activity with glutamine , but a defined mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Maintenance of immune function and gut barrier function is vitally important, as infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in obstructive jaundice cases. It is thought that these infections often are a result of gut hyperpermeability and bacterial translocation to systemic circulation.The gastrointestinal tract is by far the greatest user of glutamine in the body. The small intestine accounts for the largest uptake of glutamine of any organ, absorbing this amino acid from the lumen of the gut as well as from the bloodstream. Epithelial cells lining the small intestine (enterocytes) use glutamine as their principal metabolic fuel. Glutamine is converted in the mitochondria of intestinal cells to glutamate.Colonocytes also utilize glutamine; however, they prefer short-chain fatty acids as their primary fuel. In addition to glutamine being the principal metabolic fuel for the rapidly proliferating cells of the intestines and immune system, glutamine is also the main fuel for most rapidly growing tumors, which have high glutaminase activity, similar to small intestine enterocytes. Tumor growth can deplete skeletal muscle glutamine and glutathione, providing less fuel for enterocytes and creating a catabolic, cachectic state. It is suggested the tumor can become a "glutamine trap," further enhancing systemic glutamine loss. These findings suggest glutamine might stimulate some tumor cell types but not others, or it may stimulate cell growth, while at the same time increasing cellular anti-tumor immune function via increased NK cell activity or neutrophil activation.Our experiment is to oberserve the effect of glutamine to the physiological function of the rat with obstructive jaundice. OJ model was induced by ligating the common bile duct.TheGlu group was treated with the oral glutamine intake daily. After one week and two weeks separatively,the histology and the serum concentration of TNF-а and IL-10,bacterial translocation,and the expression of CD44, ICAM-1 in the small and large intestine was checked.The results showed that the glutamine can significantl...