Studies On The Chemical Constituents And Bioactivities Of Flammulina Velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer, Excoecaria Agallocha And Morus Mongolica

The fungus of Flammulina velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer belongs to the genus Flammulina of Tricholomataceae of Agaricales. The mycelia or fruiting body of F. velutipes (W.Curt.Fr.) Singer can be used as food or drug. The polysaccharides and amino acids isolated from F. velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer were shown to be efficacious for anticancer, antihypercholesterin, and antihypertension, and can build the body by advancing the ability of immunity. The result of bioassay displayed 70 % alcohol extract of the mycelia of submerged fermented culture of F. velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer can significantly improve the leaning and memory ability of impaired mice induced by scopolamine and its n-BuOH extract can moderately improve the leaning and memory ability of impaired mice induced by EtOH.Excoecaria agallocha belongs to the the genus Excoecaria of Euphorbiaceae. The genus Excoecaria mostly are bushes or arbores, and comprises about forty species which are distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa and Australia, six species of them in China. The latex exuded from the bark of E. agallocha may cause skin irritants, and its wood has been used as traditional medicines to treat flatulence in Thailand. The components of the genus Excoecaria are mainly diterpenoids, with anticancer and antivirus activities.Morus mongolica belongs to the the genus Morus of Moraceae. The genus Morus comprises sixteen species and eleven in China which are distributed throughout the country. The homogenus M. alba is a traditional Chinese medicine, and its different parts have different actions on human body. For example, SangBaiPi, the root bark of M. alba, is often used as a medicine to treat asthma and edema. Many various bio-components were isolated from the genus Morus: the alcohol soluble part is mainly phenol compounds which have antihypertension, antivirus, antibacterial, antifungi, antioxidation, antiinflammation, and anticancer activities; the water soluble compounds are mostly amino acids, and polyhydroxyalkaloids which have antiglycemia activity.