| The dried rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume (family Orchidaceae) has long been officially listed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and used for the medicinal treatment of headaches, migraine, dizziness, tetanus, epilepsy, neuralgia, paralysis, and other neuralgic and nervous disorders.A review was provided on the advance of research about the plant, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Gastrodia elata and Dachuanxiong decoction.From the 80% ethanol extract of G. elata, 13 chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic methods including liquid-liquid extraction and macropore adsorptive resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatography. On the basis of NMR and MS spectral data, the structure of 12 compounds were identified as: 4-ethoxymethylphenyI-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (2), gastrodin (3), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4), 4-methylphenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether (7), N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine (8), adenosine (9), succinic acid (10),β-sitosterol (11) and daucosterol (12), respectively. Among them, 4-ethoxymethylphenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) was a new compound and compounds 5, 6 and 8 were isolated from this genus for the first time.In the present study, the protective actions of compounds (1-6) isolated from G. elata were also assessed via the damage caused to PC12 cells due to high concentrations of KCl and glutamate. The viability of PC12 cells was significantly enhanced by pre-treatment with all six phenolic constituents compared with the cells treated with KCl and glutamate alone. The results indicate they could protect PC12 cells against the cytotoxicity induced by KCl and glutamate, and also suggest that G. elata could have novel therapeutic potential in treating neurotoxicity or could give rise to the opportunity for exploration, at least in part, of its phenolic components as neuro-protectants.The HPLC fingerprint used for Rhizome Gastrodiae was established after investigating chromatography and extracting condition. 26samples of Rhizome Gastrodiae were analyzed with HPLC fingerprint, and the data were used for similarity evaluation. It was indicated that the 26 samples were divided into three types. The similarities of three types were 0.9-1.0, 0.6-0.9 and 0.3-0.6, respectively. The results showed that the ratio of each component is different, although their chemical constituents of Rhizome gastrodiae are almost consistent in variety habitats.The fingerprint of Rhizome Chuanxiong was established in the same way. 14 samples of Ligusticum chuanxiong were analyzed with the HPLC fingerprint, and the data were used for similarity evaluation. The similarity of 11 samples was 0.9-1.0, with the exception of sample 3,7,12.The extraction and purification technology of the raw materials of rhizome gastrodiae and chuanxiong and the preparation of Dachuanxiong injection were studies by a series of experimental design using contents of gastrodin and ferulic acid as indices, respectively.The HPLC quality control standard of Dachuanxiong injection and intermediate was developed.10 samples of Dachuanxiong injection and intermediate were analyzed with HPLC fingerprint, and the data were used for similarity evaluation. Correlation was studied through the HPLC fingerprint chromatography of the raw material, intermediate and injection.Two reversed phased HPLC method were established for determination of gastrodin and ferulic acid in the Rhizomes Gastrodiae and chuangxiong, intermediate and Dachuanxiong injection, respectively.In summary, the quality standard was determined to control Dachuanxiong injection and intermediate.
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