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North Korea 's "Books Discrimination" And "Book Diplomacy" In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Posted on:2014-08-15Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:X Z HuangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1105330434471200Subject:Historical philology
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
"Xiao Zhonghua"(Little China) Mind was the core spirit and the overall policy of Joseon Dynasty’s internal affairs and diplomacy, reflecting its regime nature and awareness to the world."Xiao Zhonghua" was a title given by Song Dynasty in Goryeo Munjong period (AD1046to AD1083) and became the sublimation for the identity and cultural realization under the influence of Zhu Xi’s Philosophy and Ming Dynasty replacing of Yuan Dynasty, forming officially "Xiao Zhonghua" Mind in a series of internal reforms, diplomacy to China and conquests in early Joseon, which was made up of three key elements such as rule policy of admiring China("mu-hua"), suzerain-feudatory relationship of subscribing to the strong("shi-da") and world awareness of harmony neighbours("jiao-lin"). Moreover,"Xiao Zhonghua" Mind had two sides of the same coin, which were honouring the king("zun-wang") and driving off the barbarians("rang-yi"), but in the process, Imjin war was a watershed, when "Xiao Zhonghua" Mind had a transformation from stressing on honouring the king to stressing on driving off the barbarians, but the very core of both periods was to solve the orthodox crisis in both domestic and foreign dilemma."Xiao Zhonghua" Mind stimulated Joseon’s exchanging books with China and books exchange strengthened its "Xiao Zhonghua" Mind. But Joseon found that many books harmful to kingship orthodox and suzerain-feudatory relationship, so Joseon had been defending against the false records of the books with Ming and Qing dynasty for500years, which constituted "book diplomacy" together with Ming and Qing’s granting books to Joseon. Joseon’s defending against the false records can be divided into defending against lineage, defending against enthronement and defending against contacting with Japan, respectively representing patriarchal order, monarch order and hua-yi order, the three orders were blending, whose common goals were to establish suzerain-feudatory order helpful to kingship orthodox, fully reflecting Joseon’s demands about monarchy orthodox and suzerain-feudatory order. In fact,"Xiao Zhonghua" Mind and book diplomacy were separately an ideaistic product and diplomatic practical product of Joseon coping and adaptating Chinese foreign concepts and external relations.Joseon’s book diplomacy, which maily consisted of defending against the false records, was a manifestation of rescuing national political discourse driven by "Xiao Zhonghua" Mind, and it further revealed the political process or political development of the two countries, in turn had a significant impact on their respective internal issue. Joseon made use of defending against the false records to transforme orthodox crisis into political capital, but China was always in control of dominant right and speaking right, using the power of historical writing to timely regulate the suzerain-feudatory relationship. Therefore, Joseon’s defending against the false records should be essentially "book diplomacy", regardless of Joseon or China, book diplomacy was not just diplomatic behavior based on confucianism conception, but also diplomatic policy driven by practical interests, full of deep, intense, urgent and practical care. Besides, Joseon’s book diplomacy reached a "intersubjectivity" between the two countries objectively, giving a common understanding of East Asian order in a way, enhancing Sino-korean suzerain-feudatory relationship.Book diplomacy promoted the changes of Joseon’s "Xiao Zhonghua" Mind and it was not only closely tied to Ming Qing and Joseon, but also associated with the political trends of Japan and Jurchen, so book diplomacy had a major impact on East Asian political landscape. In a word, book diplomacy was the unique product of Sino-korean suzerain-feudatory relationship, reflecting that the essential attribute of suzerain-feudatory relationship in Ming Qing dynasty was more political rather than economic and the historical relation was more successive rather than fractured.
Keywords/Search Tags:Ming Qing Dynasty, "Xiao Zhonghua" Mind, Joseon Dynasty, Defending against the False Records, Book Diplomacy
PDF Full Text Request
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