A Study Of The Prayer Category In Modern Chinese

"Research about category of the imperative in modern Chinese" is a quite wide range of topics. This paper uses Austin, Searle’s speech act theory to analyze Chinese Imperative category and imperative sentences which use script corpus of "I love my family" as daily life English. If we could distinguish between direct and indirect imperative sentences, we could find out the forms and strategies used in Chinese real imperatives. This paper also makes statistical analysis about subject of direct imperative sentences, modal particles and discourse marking in the imperative sentences.The text is divided into eleven chapters:The first chapter mainly introduces the research purpose and significance, research content and research methods, data sources with references to the previous research.The second chapter discusses the imperative sentence and imperative category. Imperative sentence refers to specific sentences that commanding, advice, request, forbidding, and regulating and so on. Imperative category is imperative language such as intent expression conveyed by the speaker and interpreted by the hearer. Both of the imperative sentence and imperative category have wide and narrow differences. This chapter discusses the directives, imperatives and performatives as well the essence and definition of the imperative sentence, feature of direct imperatives and three contextual components of imperative sentences such as other aspects which were summarized. Finally, we give a classification system of modern Chinese imperative sentences.The third chapter discusses affirmative of the direct imperative sentences, it includes the command and suggested sentences. First we review the types of imperative verbs and adjectives and the relationship between modal verbs to express deontic modality and suggested sentences. We then discusses the typical sentence of imperative sentences and markers which often appear in the command sentence, discussing the proposed various tags and syntactic features of sentences. Finally, we summarize the features of the imperative sentences and suggested sentences, with comparison of the two sentences.The fourth chapter discusses:the negative direct imperatives which include forbidding and regulating forbidding sentences marked with“不许”“不能”“不可以”“不得”etc. regulating sentences are further divided into subjective and objective sentences. Subjective regulating negative sentences marked with’‘别””不要““甭””莫““少””不该”,the objective regulating negative sentences marked with"不用““不必”In this chapter, through statistical analysis, we compare the frequency of these markers, and summarize features of forbidding and regulating sentences.The fifth chapter is the relationship between the imperative sentences and the degree of politeness. Through the adoption of the face theory and politeness principle,we discussed the request form in the imperative condition and we put the politeness markers into three kinds:the beginning of sentence, the after-predicate of sentence, the end of sentence as politeness markers, including’‘请、麻烦、帮我、一下、好不好、行不行、成不成”etc. We also discussed the subject"我" request patterns. We finally discussed courtesy opposite negative imperative sentences and indirect negative sentences.The sixth chapter discusses the types of indirect imperative, divided into the imperative functional imperatives and objective sentences. And imperative functional sentence is divided into modal verbs(“能”“可以”)sentences, performative verbs(“让”“叫”)sentences, interrogative(“是不是”)sentences, rhetorical questions, as well as the "I" evaluation sentences(“我想/希望/看”).There are two main types of imperative function words:declarative and interrogative imperative function words. In addition, we have illustrated the semantic and pragmatic features about imperative clause of purposes.In the seventh chapter we discuss the explicit and implicit subject in the direct imperative sentences. The imperative sentences have explicit subject and implicit subject; explicit subject is“你、你们、您、咱们、我们”and vocative as the function of a noun. This chapter also discusses statistical analysis of the subject about positive and negative imperative sentences. Explicit subject and implicit subject of the frequency is6:4in the subject of positive imperative sentences, contrary to the negative imperative sentences, explicit subject and implicit subject of frequency is4:6. Frequency level of the explicit subject in the imperative sentences is你→您→称呼语(vocative)→你们→咱们、我们.The explicit subject in the imperative negative sentences is:称呼语→您→你→你们→咱们、我们.In the eighth chapter we analyze modal particles of the imperative. According to statistical frequency analysis of the script corpus about the "I love my family" in the imperative sentence, we found the most frequent four words:"吧““啊”“嘛”” 了2", to examine the function of modal particles. We discover that these words have a soothing tone effect, the main function of the word "吧”is a suggestion, the main function of "啊”is a euphemism, the main function of"嘛“is suggestive, the main function of "了2”is to ease the negative tone. The ninth chapter discusses discourse markers in the imperative sentences. Firstly we examine the four markers of the direct imperative sentence as "你看““你瞧””你说““你听”etc such as“你”subject sentences, and then discusses two discourse markers in the indirect imperative sentences as "我’’subject sentences like“我看”“我说”,as they were analyzed for significance on the semantic characteristic, the language"你看/瞧/说’’and"我看/说”the grammatical degree is very high, they all suggest that the hearer notes what the speaker is going to say, but the former directly to the listener requests, the latter said the speaker will give a view, indirectly request the hearer notice."你听”is not only the literal meaning of Grammaticalization. We also discuss this chapter two special markers"别说”and"请坐”.The tenth chapter deals with the imperative sentences used in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. According to the ontology secondary modern Chinese imperative to imperative sentence syntactic form, semantic features, pragmatic function. We also deal with the organizational competence and pragmatic competence of the imperative strategy from the teaching application point of view, and put forward effective ways of teaching model accordingly. The eleventh chapter is the conclusion.