Between The District And The Community

The system of T’utu-Lichia was the basic administrative institution of local society during the Ming and Qing Dystary.There are over30volumes of the sources of Tut’u-Lichia of Huizhou. They contain plentiful value for historical geography study. What’s more, there are a large number of contracts for land tax and corvee service in Huizhou local society. We can make use of these sources to recover territorial cantons and the institution of Tut’u-Lichia. In combining these materials with other archival, we explore the valuable information from the sources of Tut’u-Lichia and contraces to discover the social economic issues.The recover of traditional territorial cantons contain two parts.(1) The location of villages and recover the demarcation line of Tu.(2) found the complete order of the code of land. This task will Push on the study of the traditional territorial cantons and Provide a geographical tool for the arrange and location of Huizhou Documents.In the system of Tu-t’u-chia from1500s to1800s, the census register was overlooked. During the early Ming, the administrative included110households and each Li was divided into10Jia to rengd service in rotation. In contrast, the number of households in every T’u was over110and each Jia registered only1Lizhang households. Each Lizhang households contained different number of Huding households. At the same time, their were two kinds T’u, one was the units of lands and census register, the other was the solely census register. The territorial cantons and administrative community (Tu-li-chia) was arranged according to households and was part of census register. However, the territorial cantons (Tu-bao) was divided accoding to geography location and was part of land register. From the Wanli reign, T’u became the panel point of the manage of lands and census register.There were two kind means for the adopt of the disappeared registered households:Chuti and Chengding. They could keep the operation of the Tujia system, also caused the low lineages moved upward. By the way of chengding(adopt) the disappeared registered households form Jia households to Lizhang households, low lineages could maintain their properties and expanded their lineage.From the point of corvee, Tujia and Baojia were not different at all. However, people could undertake Tujia and Baojia at the same time. The measure of Shunzhuang-Guncui was not change the system of Tut’u-Lijia, it based on the fact of the clan groups and added a corvee which we call Jiacui. Also, Special Tujia were set up to arrange for some unusal people, Like Jutu and Yitu.All the contents aboved-mentioned reveal the complexity of local society and the institution of Tut’u-Lichia. Because of the Tut’u-Lichia arranged the vocational service of land tax and corvee, it influenced the formation of community.