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The Historical Logic Of The Development Of European Social Democracy And Its Applicable Scope

Posted on:2016-07-28Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y J ZhaoFull Text:PDF
GTID:1106330461968595Subject:Scientific socialism
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As a kind of political thought with extensive impact in western(Northwestern European) countries, social democracy got into China at the beginning of twentieth Century, but this thoughts and the socialist party of China guided by it had soon disappeared from the scene in the history tide. Chinese people had chosen the Communist Party of China as their leader whose guiding ideology is the scientific socialism, and they had been walking on the road of struggling for national independence and people’s liberation with the leadership of the party from that time.The social democracy had not risen a larger waves or had obvious effect on the Chinese mainstream ideology before the reform and opening up, but it has gradually affect china after the reform and opening up. Facing with the impact of this trend on the mainstream ideology of our country, we need to take deep analysis with an objective and rational attitude to know the economic, political and cultural reason. of produce and development and to comparative analysis the socialist economic, political, and cultural with Chinese characteristics, On this basis, we can adhere to and consolidate the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics and further establish the solid theoretical foundation for the realization of the Chinese dream.It is obvious that social democracy has made some achievements in the northwestern European countries. But the achievement is inseparable from these country’s conditions, which is same as Pete’s words: "the totally difference from other countries for the socialism and socialist in Sweden is not because of any special principles or intention but because of the Materials creating the Swedish and her special equilibrium social structure. It is very absurd that other nations try to copy the Swedish example, and the only effective method to copy her is to invite the Swedish people to let them stay in power. " That is to say, the same kind of socialism will produce different results in different conditions. The success of Social democracy in northwest Europe is that it has a certain historical condition which can be combined with the actual situation of these countries; On the contrary, the actual situation combined with China’s history and reality, social democracy has, in our country is lack, and we also don’t have specific historical conditions, so we naturally lack of the soil social democracy survive and develop. So what are the historical and realistic trouble, lack of conditions, for social democracy in China,and how our socialism with Chinese characteristics develop which results to resist the influence of social democracy. So,we need to pay much attention to and make an analysis on this question. Also we need to uphold the analysis with an objective and fair attitude when we are doing the research.Social democracy in Europe firstly originated from the rise of the European workers’ movement in the 19 th century. Because of the fact that the working class had shown a strong force in the operation, so the bourgeois government had to face the existence of the working class and meet the requirements of the working class; also as the wide spread of the Marxism with the development of workers’ movement, the working class’ practice had got the guidance of scientific theory gradually and produced the first batch of working class party organization, which led to a new and strong power in the capitalist world to fight against the bourgeoisie and changed the face of European capitalism. Secondly, the rapid development of the capitalist production could let the European bourgeois give some benefit for the working class under the premise of satisfying their own interests and further change their rule strategy by simply suppress into a carrot and stick, which had greatly weakened the working class’ s revolutionary belief and gradually strengthened their identity of the capitalist system, and the result was that they would no longer claim to overthrow the capitalist system. What is more, the revisionist ideas generated in the workers’ movement with the development of European capitalism productivity, and the revisionists, represented by Bernstein, gave up the means of revolution struggle and argued for parliament, which caused the division and confrontation of the international Labour movement. Finally, the deep tradition of Christian ethics in the European countries, the group character of compromise and cooperation, the essence of the equality of social public life and the impact on people’s concept of peace from frequent conflict all provided specific social and historical conditions for the generation and development of social democracy.After the generating of the social democracy, Europe’s social Democratic Party had carried on a series of political democracy, economic democracy, social democracy and international democracy practice in each country under the guidance of this thinking, so as to spread the influence of social democracy around the world, which had a significant impact on the global pattern of workers’ movement and also affected the China.But for Unliberated China, there is no mature capitalist economic entity in the economy,. but the small-scale peasant economy, as the main body and had long-term occupied the dominant position in Chinese economy. At the same time, along with the global expansion process of capitalism, China changed from a complete feudal country in nature into a semi colonial and semi feudal country, which had hampered the development of Chinese capitalism. Although the national bourgeoisie had gotten a certain degree of development in this semi colonial and semi feudal country, it had not still gotten rid of the attached position and greatly lacked of the strength to have an independent development of capitalism. In politics our country had no choice but to face the fact that the feudal autocratic ruling had been in our country for two thousand years and there had not been the possibility of appearance for parliamentary democracy. feudal forces is extremely powerful while working class strength is very weak,so there is no likelihood of compromise and cooperation between them; After the overthrow of the feudal monarchy, the KMT government in China implemented dictatorship to govern the whole country. Although it allowed other parties’ existence in the form, in essence it was still one party autocracy, which compel the communist party of China to carry out revolutionary activities of surrounding the cities from the countryside; After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the dawn of democratic constitutionalism represented by the ZANU-PF appeared shortly, but it was crushed quickly by the fire between the KMT and the CPC.In culture, China facing is the deep dissemination from the feudal autocratic cultural ethics up to two thousand years long, which has created a special ethnic characteristics advocating the “equalitarianism” and the belief of "inequality is not scarcity".In addition the situation that modern China had trapped into a semi colonial and semi feudal society, the Chinese could only take violent revolution to pursue national independence and people’s liberation, which finally formed a belief for " the gun". Due to the long-term feudal rule, the guarded level of Chinese social public life is very obvious, which is not very conducive to the birth of negotiation and compromise.From the founding of the PRC to the reform and opening up, the mode of Chinese economic operation was single public ownership and the private ownership was completely eradicated. Although we allowed the existence and development of private ownership after the reform and opening up, our economy was still the socialist market economy regarding the public ownership as the main body of our economy, the public ownership which still controls the lifeline of national economy. And at that time, China was still in the primary stage of socialism and China’s economic growth mode was still export-oriented, which showed the fact our country was in the peripheral part of capitalist world economic system and greatly lacked the global competitiveness, On the contrary, those countries where the social democracy is successful were all in the central part of the world economic system with strong international competitiveness.Meanwhile, our country is the people’s democratic dictatorship after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, system of multi-party cooperation under the leadership of the communist party and the people’s congress system regime organization form, and the trade union organizations in our country can effectively represent and maintain the vital interests of the workers and the masses, which also makes the social democracy has no room for the development of political in China. What’s more, the China’s peasantry, the westernization group, the bourgeois reformists and the bourgeois revolutionaries all have failed to complete the historical task with national independence and people’s liberation, and only the communist party of China with Marxism as the guiding ideology has led the people to achieve this great goal and formed the system of the advanced culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics during the process of revolution,Therefore, in terms of the economic, political and cultural factors both in old China and in new society, the social democracy may have no practice in our country; our country has successfully walked out of a socialist road with Chinese characteristics, and we should stick to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Keywords/Search Tags:social democracy, the socialism with Chinese characteristics, Social Democratic Party
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