| Mineral resources are important material basis for survival and development of human beings. However, Northwest region of China which is full of abundant mineral resources endures serious ecological damage and environmental issues, due to the unreasonable exploitation driven by interests for a long time. Many severe environmental problems such as soil erosion and degradation, air pollution, water quality deterioration, destruction of forests and vegetation, desertification intensified, and many other environmental pollutions and ecological deteriorations, have severely negative influences on development of economic. And the problems of resource and environment that have being become increasingly prominent results in more acute contradictions between the relative shortages of financial resources in Northwest China than before. With the development of economic and the society, China governments have put forward to idea of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. The Chinese have increasingly attached importance to the restoration of environment and the control of pollution, also have recognized the importance of the conducting compensation for the ecological environment on account of the enhancement of people’s awareness of the ecological value.In this context, this paper presented to build financial support mechanism for ecological compensation in the process of the development of mineral resources by analyzing the practice of Jidong Jingyang which was a limestone mine company in Shaanxi and Yumen Oilfield in Gansu. Jidong Jingyang, a developing mining enterprise had established a compensation margin system of ecological in their process of practice. Yumen Oilfield, a developing old oilfield, adopt different measures to solve the ecological compensation the exploited oilfield and the exploiting one. For the exploited oilfield, the government had set up the special finance sustentation fund for the compensation and the CNPC had also conducted an annual special compensation fund to Yumen Oilfield Company. For the new wells, they had established a different compensation mechanism through establishing mining environmental restoration fund and margin management system. They also flexibly applied the credit system to ensure the effectiveness of compensation.Based on the review of eco-compensation mining resources, we defined the involving concepts and elaborated the basis of the relevant theoretical and meaning for ecological compensation in detail, In order to found a useful ecological compensation for exploiting mineral resources in Northwest, We concluded the beneficial compensation experience by making a comment to the domestic and foreign major ecological compensation system. In virtually, the case study of typical practice of ecological compensation in the Northwest implied that the finance played important roles in ecological compensation. We proposed that (1) The finance factor had been severally neglected in compensation before;(2)We should install different mechanism to compensate various situation;(3)The company and social fund should participate in environmental restoration;(4)Establishing a mine environment restoration margin system was useful for restoration of ecology;(5) Diverse financing channels was the safeguard of ecological compensation. |
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