Research On Evaluation And Regulation Of Tourism Landscape Health In World Natural Heritage Site

World natural heritage is a treasure left by nature with a unique, typical, high-value and irreplaceable characteristics. It not only has great value on social, scientific, environmental, but also has the value on tourism which incomparable with that other tourism resources.Carry out research on evaluation and regulation of tourism landscape health in world natural heritage site has important implications for the promotion on its sustainable developments, well as to realize the full value of the natural heritage. Based on the multi-disciplinary theory of ecology, tourism, geography, etc., and followed the procedure of "Landscape Basic Theoretical Research-Landscape Health Assessment -- Landscape Health Factors Analysis--Landscape Health Forecast--Health Regulation", firstly, the concept, characteristics, basic theory and the criterion of World natural heritage tourism landscape health was analyzed, then the AHP, PSR, EW-GR model, DEMATEL,RBF neural network model, scenario analysis and other models and methods was applied in.this paper. Langshan was taken as a case, an in-depth empirical research on the actuality, main factors, trends and regulatory system of Langshan tourism landscape health was launched in this paper.(1) This paper systemically sorted out the concept, connotation, basic theory, criterion, system composition, basic process and basic method and of world natural heritage site tourism landscape health. Theories of tourism landscape health evaluation and regulatory including the Sustainable Development Theory, System Theory, Tourism Destination Life Cycle Theory, Tourism Capacity Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Restoration Ecology Theory. Tourism landscape health criteria can be divided into two types of qualitative criteria and quantitative criteria. From the criteria research on ecological health, land safety and other landscape health, it can be set by five levels from high to low as "good health", "health", "critical", "unhealthy", "sick". World natural heritage site tourism landscape health evaluation and regulation is a complex and giant system,it consisting of four subsystems:information systems, health assessment system, health forecasting system and health regulatory system. Followed the basic processes of information gathering→ health evaluation→health analysis→health predict→health regulationin the actual operation.(2) Systematic analysis was made on Langshan tourism location, the area, the natural state of the environment, socio-economic and cultural backgrounds and its tourism development process as well as Langshan tourism landscape features. Danxia landform characteristic in Langshan is obvious, and has great aesthetic value; Langshan has unique flora ecosystems, and rich cultural connotation.(3) Langshan tourism landscape health was evaluated from the perspective of the experiences of experts and tourist. The evaluation results showed that:Langshan tourism landscape overall health index was 0.685, in a "critical" state. In the five subsystems, the "ecological" is in "healthy" state; "touristappeal", "tourism facilities", "travel service", "social impact of tourism" are in "critical" state. The evaluation results made by experts and tourists on Langshan tourism landscape overall health rating is the same, in the vast majority of scores of specific indicators, there is no great difference. However, due to the structure of knowledge, different evaluation angles, there are big differences to evaluate the Langshan world tourism landscape on the specific aspect as "vegetation coverage", "landscape diversity", "entertainment", "service skills".(4) Based on PSR model framework, from the aspect on pressure, state, response,23 index was chosen to build Langshan tourism landscape health assessment index system and the ideal value of index was made according to the practice and relate industry standards. The status of Langshan tourism landscape health from 2001 to 2013 was evaluated by using the Entropy Weight method and Grey relation method. The results showed that:In 2001-2013, the overall health index of the Langshan tourism landscape showed a gradual upward trend, health level from "unhealthy" level up to the "critical state" level. But the increase is still relatively limited, there is a certain gap to reach "health" grade, the function of landscape tourism, especially the function of society and economy, has not been brought into full play. The health index of pressure subsystem showed a downward trend, declining from the "healthy" level to "critical" level; the health index of state system showed an upward trend, the overall index is still in the "unhealthy" state, there is still much room for growth; the health index of response system was showed a rapidly rising trend, health rating was improved from "sick" to "critical", state of health continued to improve.From the perspective of spatial pattern, the overall health of all scenic spots in Langshan appeared the spatial pattern of "higher around,lower middle" in 2013.The overall health level of Bajiazhai, Chilli peak, Fuyi river, Purple cloud cave, Tianyi Alley scenic spots located around are in "critical" state, the overall health level of natural bridge scenic spots located in the middle of is still in the "unhealthy"state.(5) With the Matlab and SPSS software, by using DEMATEL method the factors which affected the health index of Langshan tourism landscape were analyzed. The results show that:the causal factors to affect Langshan tourism landscape health including the natural disasters, tourism service, landscape diversity, planning and execution, landscape features, the level of economic development, environmental enforcement, landscape visibility and other factors; the result factors including environmental pollution, tourism facilities, forest cover, population density, environmental enforcement, the number of tourists reception, tourism income, tourism marketing and other factors. The main factors affecting the health of Langshan tourism landscape are the tourism revenue, the number of tourists, the level of economic development, landscape diversity, planning and execution, forest cover, landscape features, population density, tourism marketing and other factors.(6) Based on the assessment of tourism landscape health,by using the radial basis function neural network model (RBF), application software programming based Matlab7.10.0, the evolution trend of Langshan in 2014-2020 has been predicted. The results showed that:① RBF model has a high simulation accuracy which can better fit the evolution trend of Langshan tourism landscape health in 2014-2020; (Din general, the overall health of the Langshan tourism landscape was in a upward trend in 2014-2020, in a few years there will be some fluctuations; the health index will reach 0.6556 in 2020 which still remain the state of "critical". ③ From the point of view of each subsystem, the health index of Langshan tourism landscape pressure system will show a fluctuation like a downward trend in 2014-2020, the pressure increased significantly; the index of pressure system remain in 0.6136, it is still in the state of "critical"state,but close to the state of "unhealthy". The possibility to fall into an unhealthy state may increase. The index of state system showed aupward trend, it will reach 0.6396 in 2020 which still remain the "critical" state and hold a gap on the public expectation; Response system index showed steady upward trend, it will reach 0.7268 in 2020, a qualitative change will happen that the health state will upward from "critical" to "healthy".(7) Based on scenario analysis, setting four scenarios as population regulation, ecological and environmental protection, tourism development and coordination for simulation on regulatory issues of Langshan tourism landscape health. The results showed that:only in coordination scenario, to 2020, the overall health of Langshan tourism landscape will produce a qualitative leap from "critical" level up to "health"level, while tourism landscape pressure system health index remained at 0.65 above that can effectively achieve the control objectives for the tourism landscape health. It also showed that the health regulation needs to coordinate the relationships among the population, resources and environment, tourism and social economy development.(8) The issues on the Langshan tourism landscape healthregulation were discussed from the aspects of regulatory framework, control principle, control measures so as to provide reference for the effective control and management of the Langshan tourism landscape health.