Research On Low Carbonization Development Of Modern & Large Agriculture In Heilongjiang Province

Modern & large scale agriculture is a leading pattern which is guiding to develop modern agriculture and to fulfill agricultural modernization in Heilongjiang Province. In 2009, Heilongjiang put forward Strategic conception to develop modern & large scale agriculture; then in 2012, it issued “Heilongjiang Province Modernization Agriculture Development Plan(2011-2015)”. Next, in 2013, the State Council formally approved “The Two Great Plainsˊ the Overall Test Scheme of Modern Agriculture Comprehensive Supporting Reform”. In recent years, Heilongjiang Province have gained rich experience in developing modern & large scale agriculture and promoting modern agriculture comprehensive supporting reform. The grain yield of Heilongjiang province has ranked first for 3 years consecutively, and its grain output is account for 1/10 of the national grain yield each year, meanwhile its commodity grain is about 1/6 and nearly 1/3 grain is out of this province. Heilongjiang province played an important role to secure national food safety. However, we should also see that these achievements which were paid a heavy environmental price in agricultural ecological resources, that is, these achievements were built on the traditional development mode of high carbon agriculture. At present, due to continuing decline of the black land quality, overexploitation of groundwater resource, environmental pollution spreading from the point to the surface and greenhouse gas emissions rapidly and so on, all of these are indicating that it is critical to accelerate changing the agricultural development mode. We should push agricultural development from the pursuit of quantity to two-in-one with quantity and quality, from depending on consumption of material resources to relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of farmers. At the same time, we should focus on the development of green and low carbon agriculture, not costing environment and ecology. Moreover, we should walk a low-carbonization agriculture development road of high output, product safety, resource saving, and friendly environment.“Plan of the National Response to Climate Change(2014-2020)”pointed out that our country was affected easily by climate change. Agriculture is not only a main body of greenhouse-gas emissions but also an industry of being vulnerable to climate change. Greenhouse-gas emission from agriculture is account for 17%, in which methane and nitrous oxide is about 50.15% and 92.47% respectively of national total emissions of methane and nitrous oxide[1]. If we cannot deal effectively with climate change, in our county, output of wheat, corn and rice will be down by 37% at the most in the end of this century. Meanwhile, grain outputˊs fluctuation in our country will expand from 10% to 20%, especially up to 30% in extreme years[2]. Realizing low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture is related not only to overall strategic layout to the national response to climate change, but also to accelerate changing the agricultural development mode and to realize the sustainable development of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province.With the theme of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture in Heilongjiang Province, the author checked and illustrated the current situation and made a quantitative analysis for agricultural carbon emission in the past 20 years in Heilongjiang. The study researched the carbon emission reducing potentiality and the realization form. Based on the summarizing the international low-carbonization agricultural development experience, it puts forward the overall thinking of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture, basic principles and the path of low-carbonization mode and implementation, and how the government support to promote low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture, and put forward suggestions.The source of this research I presided over the 2011 Annual National Social Science Fund Project: the Northeast modern & large agriculture low carbon development model and Countermeasures(11BJY102). The boundary of this research is agriculture(farming) production in Heilongjiang Province. The main body includes five parts:The first part(chapter 1, 2, 3) mainly elaborated the modern & large scale agriculture and low-carbon agriculture theory. Firstly, this part clearly expounds the scientific connotation of modernization agriculture, and makes clear that its six major characteristics. Secondly, the article further defines the concept and characteristics of low-carbonization agriculture and analyzes the characteristics of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture. Then, the article illustrates the four aspects of research analysis to support this theory, that is, the externality theory, ecological agriculture theory, environmental economics theory and the theory of agricultural versatility. Finally, this study evaluates the progress of modernization agriculture development and analyses some outstanding problems that are restricting the sustainable development of modern & large scale agriculture, which are caused by the development mode of traditional agriculture, such as agricultural ecological environment degradation and over-exploitation of resources as well as frequent natural disasters. Finally, the study analyses and evaluates progress of the modern & large scale agriculture.Part 2(chapter 4) The main content is empirical analysis on carbon emission of agriculture production in Heilongjiang Province in this section. This part is the focus and foundation of the full text analysis.On the basis of agricultural production conditions and production mode data in 1993-2013 about continuous 20-years in Heilongjiang Province, the article makes a quantitative analysis for carbon emission of agriculture production in Heilongjiang Province with mathematical model of weighting and sum of carbon emission, which includes five levels such as agricultural input, agricultural machinery, soil cultivation,irrigation,agricultural crops, meanwhile it refers to seven carbon resource, which are chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, agricultural diesel oil, irrigation, plowing and rice growing. At the same time, according to a series of evaluation index, the study evaluates a ground-work of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture in Heilongjiang Province as a reference to national similar indicators.Part 3(chapter 5) Potential analysis of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture in Heilongjiang Province is done in this chapter. Beginning with the characteristic of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture in Heilongjiang Province, this part analyses the profound changes that were brought by land high scale operating to Heilongjiang province, as well as it analyses comprehensively the potential ability of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture. And then this section analyses and measures and calculates the emission reduction mechanism and effect of all kinds of concrete methods in aspect of realizing carbon emission reduction directly by increasing of operating efficiency of agricultural machinery and carbon emission reduction indirectly by integrating agricultural machinery with agronomy deeply.Part4(chapter 6, 7, 8, 9) This part mainly introduces foreign experience to develop low-carbon agriculture and includes overall thinking, routing selection and countermeasures and suggestions of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture. Firstly, the author analyzes and summarizes successful experience of developing low-carbon agriculture that is worth learning from in representative countries and regions. Secondly, overall thinking of modernization low-carbon agriculture is put forward, which is including guiding ideology, development goals, basic principles and low-carbon mode of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture. Thirdly, path of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture is proposed. Fourthly, It puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture.Part5(chapter 10)It is a inevitable choice for changing the mode of agricultural development to achieve low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture; it is necessary to transform the mode of agricultural development and to play adequately a role in direct and indirect reduction of agricultural machinery. Main innovation point: Development model and realization way of low-carbon development of modern & large scale agriculture are proposed, which is supported by advanced agricultural machinery manufacturing technology and low-carbon agricultural production technology. Meanwhile two means are taken,that is, improving agricultural machinery operation efficiency and integrating agricultural machinery with agronomy deeply. At the same time direct and indirect reduction of agricultural machinery are in it.