Study On The Influence Factors Of Service Trade Competitiveness In USA

In contemporary economy, service industry and trade in services, as the maincontent of the service economy, develop quickly and become a significant feature ofthe worldwide economic development. Whether a country own the competitivemodern service industry and service trade or not, has become one of the decisivefactors of the winner of the competition on the world stage. China service industrydevelopment started late, and the development of service trade level is generally low.Although the traditional service trade, such as transportation service, tourism service,has some advantages in scale, but the modern service trade reflecting the competitiveadvantage of national development is very backward. Therefore, to learn the advancedexperience from developed countries, and to develop advantage of trade in services inChina which is formed in the future is a shortcut to the service industry of our countryand realize the rapid development of service trade.After World War II, United States aware that service industry will exceed themanufacturing industry to become the largest industry, and vigorously promote tradein services. In1994, under United States’ strong urge,"General Agreement on Tradein Services" passed, which quickly opened market of the United States service exportand effectively guarantee the leading position in the America service in the globaltrading system. Since USA government actively promotes and encourages, Americahas become the most developed country in the world in service trade, which hasplayed an important role for the huge deficit caused by the trade in goods and for thepromotion of the domestic economic growth.According to the theoretical framework of Competitive Adavantage Model ofMichael Porter’s, starting with evaluation of the international competitiveness ofservice trade America, the paper analyzes the impact factors from six aspects of production factor, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, businessstrategy and organizational structure, opportunity and government factors, and explorethe method to cultivate competitive advantage of service industry and service trade,and draw lessons from the mature and effective practice. It plays important practicalsignificance in our country to optimize the industrial structure of our country, topromote the export of service trade, promote the international competitiveness and theinternational service trade status, and to develop advantage of trade in services inChina which is formed in the future.There are9chapters in the thesis.The first chapter is introduction. The introduction part includes background,significance of the topic of this thesis, literature review of service tradecompetitiveness, the main content of the thesis and research methods, the innovationand shortages of this paper.The second chapter is an overview of relevant theories and the foundation oftrade in services. In this chapter, the definition of the service trade, classification ofservice trade are introduced and the choice of statistical system, two sets of BOPS andGATS on trade in services and made a comparison. Secondly, it summarizes includingcomparative advantage theory, new trade theory and foreign investment theory, theoryof national competitive advantage theory and new elements, the basic content and thedevelopment of service trade competence.The third chapter is the evaluation and the development of service trade in theinternational competitiveness of the United states. This chapter begins from thecross-border trade in services and the overall scale, the industry in the internationalbalance of payments in the role and the structure of trade in services in three aspectsanalyzes the present situation of America service trade, showing prominent positionUSA service trade in the world economic arena, and the important role ofinternational balance of payments America. Secondly, the America overall servicetrade and industry international competitiveness evaluation. In addition to theevaluation of cross-border exports of services using MOR, RCA and TC index, this paper also adopted in recent years to measure the product "quality" or "technology" asan indicator of export complexity, evaluation USA service trade competitiveness andits change from the angle of "quality" service products.The fourth chapter is the analysis of the impact of factors of production to USAservice trade competitiveness. The factors of production of trade in services is definedas the science and technology factor and human capital factor in this chapter. Americainput in science and technology is the source of America has a strong competitivestrength, is a direct reflection of patent and copyright services exports huge surplus.The contribution of human capital to the service innovation, innovation, processinnovation, service innovation, product process and service all depend on thecontribution of human capital. USA with rich human capital in knowledge andtechnology intensive, has a large advantage service trade.The fifth chapter is the analysis of the impact of demand conditions on the USAservice trade competitiveness. This chapter from the three aspects of the servicedemand and service demand of consumers, producers and government servicerequirements service demand, to analyze the important role for the development ofservice industry, service demand USA play. Among them, the consumer service needsto focus on education, health, tourism, entertainment, and insurance; producer serviceneeds to focus on the financial, transportation, construction, patent technology;government service demand more focused on defense, education, insurance etc..According to the calculation of the service industry and service trade Americancorrelation index, the growth rate of trade in services on the service industry growthrate fluctuations, and slightly higher than the growth rate of the rapid development ofthe service industry, service industry shows that the pull of the synchronous growth oftrade in services America.The sixth chapter is the analysis of the impact of related support to the servicetrade competitiveness. First of all, this chapter related to trade in goods and servicestrade is tested using empirical analysis methods, the results show that there is asignificant correlation between the surplus of us service trade and goods trade deficit. Secondly, information and communication technology into traditional industry,change the service competition, reduce the operation cost of enterprise, which forms anew service mode and service ability of rapid development, with a new look. It can besaid that the United States export trade surplus should be attributed to the servicetrade and service trade surplus should be attributed to the information andcommunication technology based on service trade. This chapter of the liberalizationof trade in services of the motivation and process are analyzed, analysis found that theliberalization of trade in services on a part of the national service market, as Americanservice products exported to all over the world to provide the institutional guarantee.Finally, due to the intangible service products and not transport, FDI in serviceindustry is an important channel for USA service exports, according to Denning’sthree advantage theory of American service advantages of FDI are analyzed.The seventh chapter is the analysis of the impact of factors on the enterprisecompetitiveness of trade in services. The enterprise is the most important main bodyof the market, enterprise factor is considered to be one of the important elements of anational competitiveness. In this paper, from three aspects of enterprise developmentstrategies, organizational structure and competition condition, enterprisecompetitiveness factor analysis plays an important role on the formation of.The eighth chapter is the analysis of the impact of factors on the opportunitiesand the government USA service trade competitiveness. This chapter from theeconomic globalization has promoted the service industry competition andrestructuring, and promote the offshore service outsourcing, adjust the distribution ofinterests of the two point of view, analyzes the historical opportunity for thedevelopment of service trade, and from improving factor advantages, maintainingmarket order and export promotion strategy of the government in the cultivation ofservice industry and service trade competitiveness in the process of role.The ninth chapter cultivate the service trade competitiveness and itsenlightenment to china. This chapter first summarizes the American trade in servicesto foster the competitiveness of the six aspects of the experience, and the current development of China’s service trade is reviewed, summarize the main problemsexisting in the service trade. Finally, combined with the inspiration and experience,puts forward nine suggestions to the development of China’s service industry andservice trade.