Research On Regional Configuration Of Urban Construction Land Based On The Marginal Productivity

Land resource is one of the most valuable and basic resource; it has an important role for the development of China’s macroeconomic. To promote macroeconomic development, the government officially has been launched land policy in macro—control in 2003. The regional configuration of urban construction land is an important part of land policy in macro—control, it is very important to improve use efficiency and allocation efficiency of urban construction land. The urban construction land institution has gone through three stages after New China; they are continuation of private ownership, institutional transform and institutional reform. At present, the urban construction land belongs to the state in China; the central government can configure the urban construction land with land use planning, land utilization plan, etc. Simultaneously, there is space overflow between the neighboring provinces, therefore, when study regional configuration of urban construction land, it should not only consider urban construction land impacting own economic growth, but also consider it impacting economic growth of neighboring provinces.The marginal productivity is a basis for regional configuration of urban construction land in this paper. Taking into account the space overflow of neighboring provinces, this paper employs Cobb—Douglas production function, and then establishes fixed effects spatial lag model to derive calculation formula of marginal productivity of urban construction land. The results are that the marginal productivity of urban construction land includes direct marginal productivity of urban construction land and indirect marginal productivity of urban construction land. The direct marginal productivity of urban construction land is affected by own outputs, own urban construction land area and direct output elasticity, and the indirect marginal productivity of urban construction land is affected by outputs of neighboring provinces, own urban construction land area, spatial weights, and indirect output elasticity. Considering space overflow and based on the marginal productivity, the empirical studies have found that:(1) The model’s spatial weights are based on the economic development, using of the provincial panel data from 2001 to 2011, the results show that the outputs of the province would increase by 0.25%, and the outputs of the neighboring provinces would increase by 0.0125%, when the urban construction land increases by 1% in the provinces. Therefore, when the central government configures urban construction land in the regions, it should not only consider urban construction land impacting own economic growth, but also consider it impacting economic growth of neighboring provinces.(2) In 2001-2011, the higher marginal productivity of urban construction land concentrated in Fujian, Jiangsu, Tianjin, etc., and the lower marginal productivity of urban land concentrated in Ningxia, Hainan Xinjiang, etc. Therefore, to improve urban construction land productivity and promote economic growth, under condition of limited urban construction land, the central government should give priority to configure the urban construction land if the province has higher marginal productivity, and the central government also should slow or reduce the configuration of urban construction land if the province has lower marginal productivity. From the point of view compared with direct marginal productivity and indirect marginal productivity, the latter is lower than the former in the provinces, in order to promote own economic growth, each province has incentives to increase own urban construction land.The average marginal productivity of urban construction is in descending order in the east, central and west. In order to improve productivity of urban construction land and promote economic growth, the eastern configuration of urban construction land should be the first; the central configuration should be the second, and the western configuration should be the third. From the point of view compared with the average direct marginal productivity and the average indirect marginal productivity in the east, central and west, the average direct marginal productivity is higher than the average indirect marginal productivity. It means that own outputs are higher than space overflow’s outputs in the east, central and west, in order to promote own economic growth, each region has incentives to increase own urban construction land.(3) In 2001-2011, there is a certain government failure when the central government configure urban construction land in the provinces, but it is a reasonable configuration in the east, central and west. During this period, the provinces which are reasonable configurations are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Chongqing and Guangxi, the provinces which are supplied too few are Fujian, Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Hunan, Jilin, Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, and the provinces which are supplied too more are Guangdong, Shandong, Liaoning, Shanghai, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Hainan, Ningxia. Most of configurations in the provinces would expand differences of the marginal productivity; and it would reduc total outputs of urban construction land. If the central government reduces supply of urban construction land when the provinces are oversupply, and increases supply of urban construction land when the provinces are less supply, to some extent, it will increase total outputs of the urban construction land.(4)Taking into account the space overflow, this paper derives prediction model of the urban construction land. The prediction area is 57765.73 square kilometers in China in 2020. If the planing area is 51260.51 square kilometers, the prediction area is bigger than the planing area. Therefore, if follow the current characteristics of economic development, the conomic development may be constrained in the future. To promote economic development, the central government should improve technical efficiency and adjust industrial structure, and then the future outputs will be increased in China. The prediction area of Guangdong province is 6955.28 square kilometers which is the biggest, and the prediction area of Qinghai province is 127.30 square kilometers which is the smallest. Based on the prediction area in the provinces in 2020, this paper configures urban construction land in the provinces under the conditions of the planning area.Finally, when the central government configures urban construction land, it should also① consider the social and ecological benefits of urban construction land; ②consider the fiscal policy and monetary policy as configuration tools; ③improve incentives of implementation plan of the local government;④establish the quota trading mechanism of urban construction land. And then the allocation efficiency and use efficiency of urban construction land would be improved.