Study On The Benefit Evaluation Of Agricultural Major Science And Technology Programms

Since 2004, The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has promulgated the Central Document No.1 which has continuously focused on agriculture, rural and farmers. This shows that harmonization of agricultural science and technology innovation and sustainable development is more and more significant in China’s science, technology and economic strategy. In this case, in order to improve sustainable development ability of China’s agricutral economic, we must think how to improve the innovation capability and technical efficiency and how to reduce waste of resources and environmental pollution by increasing investement of research, which becomes major isssues. Under this background, we aim to study agricultural major science and technology projects (AMSTP) coming from National Scicece and Technology Planning Program based on Schumpeter innovation theory, value chain theory and logical framework model. Then, having oriented by national science and technology development strategy, the evaluation system of AMSTP is been explored from the perspective of the project life cycle. The role and meaning of every stage has been explored by analizing the evaluation process, key points, index system and methods of AMSTP one by one through systematic and scientific thinking, in order to overcome the randomness and arbitrariness of the choosen index and method. It is expected that we can get reasonably accurate results on the basic of reasonable process, so that it can not only meet the needs of decision-making managers but also lead innovation process close to real production. So the evaluation results reflect both the decision value and practical value.It is been found that most agricultural S&T projects have been evalutated form the perspective of innovation or economic benefit by collating and summarizing the theory system of international and domestic S&T projects. The index system mainly came from the specific needs and lessons, lacking of basic theoretical guidance and matching analytical framework. In this paper, AMSTP’s path model of realizing benefit was been established on the basis of value theory and logical framework model, then mechanism of innovation benefits, social and economic benefits and ecological environmental bnefits was analyzed respectively. It shows the implementation process is divided into research and development, technological innovation and technological Diffusion in three stages:in the first stage, innovation benefits are coming from S&T papers and monographs, patents, talents, new products etc.; in the second stage, socio-economic and ecolo-environmental benefits are coming from new technique industrialization process; in the third stage, socio-economic and ecolo-environmental benefits are coming from manufacturing and using of new products or technique.Then the evaluation systems of AMSTP are constructed. Firstly, innovation benefits are generated in the path from innovation inputs to outputs by analyzing innovative content and attributes; it can be measured using the ration of inputs and outputs. Innovation outputs contain rich knowledge achievements; we need construct and quantify output indexs thinking about quantity, quality, influnce etc.al, and assignment method of the indexes were been determined, then benefit is evaluated by using standard DEA model and super efficiency DEA model. Secondly, the benefits coming from application are been analized, they are socio-economic benefits and ecological benefits derived from government’s public pursuit. The two kinds of benefit are throughout the new product or technology innovation and technology diffusion in two stages. Having oriented by national science and technology development strategy, the evaluation index systems of socio-economic benefits and ecological benefits are estamblished after analyzing their content and properties. Socio-economic benefits embodied in technological innovation and diffusion stage, which shows the contribution to agricultural technology industry and agriculture economic development from scientific and technological achievements, and ecological environmental benefits embodied in technological innovation and diffusion stage, which saving energy or resourse and reducing emission in production process. In addition to, off-target deviation degree FUZZY-TOPSIS methods are selected to evaluate the social economic benefits and ecological environmental benefits. This method combines effectively the objective of index and subjective of evaluators, to make the evaluation results closer to reality. Thirdly, AMSTP is considered as successive processes including R&D and economic transformation, then the input variables, intermediate variables and output variables are choosen, and the overall benefits are assessed by using two-stage DEA model.The main conclusions include:(1) AMSTPs are important carrier in implementating China’s science and technology planning programmes, so benefits key elements of AMSTPs should be sorted out the from the perspective of agricultural science and technology development strategy oriention, then we would grasp the overall direction and aims. (2) The evaluation content can be determined after the path and mechanism of realizing benefit are been studying based on the theoretical basis and analytical framework. It shows the evaluation system is systematic and comprehensive. (3) Indexes of benefit evaluation contain various rich informations. Based on the degree of achieving strategic objectives, it can be reflected that the explicit and implied deeply informations of indexes, which overall value can be shown. (4) The input and output index is with multivariate and different dimension, so it is difficult to measure the absolute benefits. Thus we think it is suitable to measure the relative benefit of innovation and overall. (5) Technique for order preferenceby similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a kind of multiple criteria decision making method based on distance, and it is more suitable for measure the socio-economic benefits and ecological-environmental benefits according to its calculation principle and determining method. (6) The comprehensive benefit of AMSTP is determined by the efficiency and effectiveness of R&D and transformation, so how to choice input variables, intermediate variables and output varialbes from the two stages become the key points of two-stage DEA model.