Study On Knowledge Transfer Mechanism In Supply Chain Of Industry-University-Research

We are in a time of knowledge collaborative innovation. One of the fundamental national policies in China is to build an innovative country. Under this new background, the competitiveness of National Innovative System has taken a great change, which is transferring from tangible natural resources-intensive consumption to creative application of knowledge, the sustainable development and improvement of the social organization such as industry, university and research institute are more relying on fast flow and rational utilization of knowledge resources. The knowledge transfer and sharing mechanism between social organizations has been widely concerned by business and scholastic area.At present, with the development of knowledge economy, knowledge has become an important resource to maintain the competitive advantage and the sustainable development of the enterprise. As the social division of labor is increasingly complex and knowledge resources are becoming more and more complicated and integrated, it is difficult for a single enterprise to complete product innovation activities alone. Sharing and transferring knowledge resources in the supply chain for cooperative innovation has become an important way to realize the value creation, cost saving and profit increment. Therefore, design a reasonable incentive mechanism to encourage members to continue to innovate is an important way to enhance the synchronization, complementarity and adhesion of supply chain, finally improve the overall competitiveness. From the perspective of the relationship between the main body of industry-university-research organization,enterprises, universities, research institutes, users, and other institutions are one of knowledge demand side and supply side in the knowledge supply chain, and knowledge intermediary, the government and financial institution are equivalent to the distributor. Therefore, the industry-university-research organization in line with the basic characteristics of the supply chain, which is one of the most representative knowledge supply chain.Our country has made a great progress in the development of industry-university-research collaboration, and gain a lot of theoretical and practical achievements. However, most works are about the recombination of tangible production factors, the application and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, or could be the integration of technology and economy. All the researches never take the knowledge process into account. In practice, because of the limited learning motivation and the ability to absorb, the knowledge of University and scientific research institution can not be effectively transferred and transformed into the innovation capability of enterprises. By improving the incentive mechanism of the industry-university-research collaboration, to stimulate the motivation of knowledge transfer, improve the ability of knowledge transfer, reduce the risk of cooperation, and ultimately improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer is a kind of effective measures in the short term. The incentive mechanism of industry-university-research collaboration includes explicit incentive(typical performance based on performance measure) and implicit incentive(typical performance is based on trust and future value). The objective function of different types of contracts is different. Research on the relationship between contract type, trust and knowledge transfer in the industry-university-research collaboration is very important to improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer and enhance the ability of independent innovation of enterprises.For that reason, according to the current research of supply chain management, knowledge transfer and research cooperation, this paper studies the incentive mechanism of knowledge transfer in supply chain of industry-university-research. The research explicits the composition and cooperation mode of industry-university-research supply chain, analyzes its connotation and the motive. Using the theory of principal-agent theory and contract theory, the incentive mechanisms of supply chain knowledge transfer with the types of technology transfer, joint research and strategic alliance are studied based on the incentive contract, such as explicit contract, ex post bargaining mechanism and relational contract.Firstly, the knowledge transfer mechanism of supply chain based on the technology transfer mode of industry-university-institute collaboration is studied. In the process of knowledge sharing in the industry-university-research supply chain, it is easier to realize the technology transfer mode. The partners in accordance with the technical contract achieve the transfer of scientific and technological achievements through form of documents, reports and patents. Because of the transfer of the existing, specific, relatively complete and mature technology, the value of its innovation is easy to measure and verify, so the enterprise can be directly use the knowledge transfer value as performance measure to design the explicit contract to motivate the research Institute to work. In this part, the paper construct the knowledge transfer model of supply chain based on explicit contract, assuming that the exterior of tacit knowledge can be externally observed, construct the knowledge transfer model of supply chain, analyze the influence factors, and explore the reasons for the failure of the incentive mechanism. Finally, the limitation of explicit contract for knowledge transfer incentive is pointed out.Secondly, the knowledge transfer mechanism of supply chain based on the joint research mode of industry-university-institute collaboration is studied. With the further development of enterprises and institutions in the supply chain, the technology transfer mode alone can not meet the needs of enterprise development.Enterprises in particular the large and medium-sized enterprises need to obtain the core knowledge of strategic value to ensure their competitive advantage, and thus play its role in innovation. Because of the complexity and implicity of knowledge resources, only through joint research and development can achieve the smooth realization of the industrialization of innovation. Under the joint research and development mode, the external results of the most tacit knowledge can not be observed.In this part, the knowledge transfer model of industry-university-institute supply chain based on the mechanism of ex post bargaining is constructed according to the distribution principle of residual ownership, realizes the incentive of the transfer of tacit knowledge, and concludes that the distribution of the remaining ownership has nothing to do with the effect of knowledge transfer, and points out the limitations of the model.Thirdly, the knowledge transfer mechanism of supply chain based on the relationship of strategic alliance mode of industry-university-research collaboration is studied. The knowledge transfer mechanism of supply chain based on the joint research mode has several drawbacks.The first, enterprises can not directly incentive the tacit knowledge, which will affect the mechanism design effect.The sencond, since the parties are based on the project of the temporary cooperation relationship, there is a risk of violation of the ex ante provisions.The third, some results in the development and sharing of tacit knowledge are potential benefits, which will reduce the enthusiasm of the bargaining in a certain extent.With the increase of the degree of cooperation and contact frequency among the members of the knowledge supply chain, the industry-university-research collaboration based on the temporary organization of the project has gradually evolved into a long-term and stable strategic alliance. The trust relationship of the enterprises, universities and research institutions creates the conditions for the construction of the relational contracts. On the basis of the research model, this part constructs the knowledge transfer model of supply chain based on relational contract, which is based on the existence of long-term cooperation relationship between enterprises and institutions,researches the application conditions of relational contract and its effect on the promotion of knowledge transfer. The research results have great reference value for the stable operation of the supply chain, which indicates that each member of the supply chain should strengthen mutual trust and establish long-term cooperative relations, so as to improve the level of knowledge transfer and promote the effective knowledge sharing.In the end,the conclusions of this paper are summarized,and the future research directions are prospected.