| Since the late Qing Dynasty, with the change of Ancient Danyang Lake’s environment, in the lake area, the movement of circuiting lake to make land reached to a climax. It leaded to the game among reclamation’s companies, local government, central government and government agents, and the conflict of dividing the provincial boundary between Jiangsu province and Anhui. It also provided a perspective for us to understand the relationships among state, governments and society. In the lake area, many lake’s beaches reserved a wealth of land resources,and the polulation was sharply dropped in the Taiping war. Those causes leaded to that,in modern times, the contradiction between people and land on the region be not sharp. Tenants reclaimmed lake’s beach to make farm, and put a lot of labour and capital in farm, those promoted agricultural productivity.moveover,This economic environment affected the tenancy relationship, on the region, the exploitation of the tenant for the landlord was not as serious as traditional scholars believed.Beginning of the National Government in Nanjing, the central government revised the policy on land issues, and strived to achieve a fair and reasonable tenancy relationship. In this new system environment, the landlord tended to mitigate the exploitation on the tenant. With the development of cities, that landlords moving to live in cities became a popular trend, the unification of cities and villages was at a deeper level. In modern times, with Wuhu’s openning and the formation of Wuhu Rice Market, native capital and foreign conducted to monopolize and compete in Wanjiang market with the center of Wuhu. Relying on supporting service of financial market in Wuhu, a large volume of trade was maintained. Moreover,that promoted Wuhu and surrounding towns’prosperity, and stimulated the commercialization of the rural economy to improve. Rural economy was influenced by the market.In the early 1930s, this market’s volatility brought about a great deal of adverse effects on the economy of Anhui Province. That the Yangtze River’s flood in 1931, the Major Drought in 1934, and the outbreak of the International Economic Crisis in 1929 had a direct impact on Wanjiang region’s economy. Natural disasters devastated homeland, and produced serious social and economic crisises. In the World’s Economic Crisis, western countries, through applying monetary policy and trade policy, passed the crisis to China. In China, foreign trade’s deficit increased. In addition, the big invasion of foreign rice posed a serious menace to the market ofAnhui’s rice. And in this unfavorable external market environment, the inner feudal defects of Wuhu Rice Market were completely exposed. In the early 1930s, food’s price continued to drop, while commercial capital plundered high monopoly’s profit, that made more low-income farmers to receive less income,even, less than the full cost of food’s production, the income of farmer further reduced, while the expenditure of farmer was increased.In the 1930’s, Anhui Province caught out the mutual defense systems of Bao-Jia and Bao-An.The construction of local militarization increased financial burden on local government, urged local government to levy land’s tax, so that farmers beared a heavy tax’s burden and high tax’s cost. Farmer’s finance deficited. The capital in rural financial market was in short supply, that created the trend of rural general usury,and the rural economy entered a serious panic.To save rural area, governments at all levels and groups implemented Rural Development Campaign and Public Education Campaign, engaged in the overall building for "management, education, support, and health". However, in the deterioration of domestic and international environment, under the threats of feudalism and imperialism, they can not effectively achieve the purpose of relief in rural area.
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