Research On The Income Distribution System Of Oil And Gas Resource

In the global sustainable development strategy, development of economic globalization are becoming increasingly deepened, as a major force in the economic development, the energy is increasingly being valued by all countries, the whole human society are faced with a challenge of how to optimize the allocation of resources, how to better play the energy utility. Oil and natural gas resource plays a very important role in the process of today’s social economic development. Generally resource revenue refers to the economic value generated in the process of its exploration development and use. Due to the particularity in the formation of resource earnings, it does not only generate economic benefits but also generate ecological and social benefits which the sectors of society concern and pay attention to more and more, During the course of market transactions, all stakeholders are required to allocate rights and responsibilities in accordance with the existing distribution system, but if the original distribution system is unsound or imperfect, it will result in some conflicts in the process of resource allocation, and even distort income distribution between the main stakeholders. Problems and conflicts caused by the unfair distribution of resources (income) can be solved and adjusted by improving income distribution system, so that optimal allocation of resource incomes can come true and the efficiency of resource use can be maximized.Today, the allocation of resources has become an important issue of the norm in the new economy, and the rational allocation of resources will undoubtedly play an important role in promoting the effective use of resources. Under China’s socialist market economy, it’s very important that how to achieve a reasonable distribution of the proceeds of oil and gas resources, rationalize the economic relations between resource the country, businesses and residents of resource exploration and exploitation, build and improve the income distribution system of Oil and gas resources, and promote the establishment and improvement of a conservation-oriented society. To be able to analyze and demonstrate the related problems of the income distribution system of oil and gas resources in our country, the main contents of this paper include the following aspects:Part Ⅰ, Introductions. The text of the opening thesis describes the background and significance and analysis the existing literature in the domestic and foreign, in order to build the main writing ideas and propose innovation and lack of this thesis.Part Ⅱ, description of the basic concepts and the theories. This section describes the basic concepts and features of oil and gas resources, and analyzes the formation mechanism and the form of benefits of oil and gas resources. Theory is the basis for any research, so this section focuses on the theory of resource income distribution and indicates the urgency and necessity with the income distribution system of oil and gas resources combining with China’s practice of reform. Above of all provide a theoretical and practical basis for thesis writing.Part Ⅲ, analysis with the history and current situation with the income distribution system of oil and gas resources. From the evolution China’s income distribution system of oil and gas resources have distinctive character. It’s directly affected by the prevailing social and economic systems, and it has been gradually optimized in the process of institutional change. At the same time, this part major analyzes the current situation and the participators of the income distribution system of oil and gas resources of, and the oil contract mode to bound the behavior of the main participators, and we summarize the revenue realization system of oil and gas resources to provide a basis with analyzing the problems of the existing system.Part Ⅳ, the emphasis and difficulty of this paper, analysis with the problems with the income distribution system of oil and gas resources. This paper argues that the current main problems manifested in contradictions between the various stakeholders in oil and gas resources, mineral rights regime, benefits realization system, mining land use system and the market price of oil and gas resources not been completed, etc.. Firstly, there is a contradiction between the main oil and gas resources who participate in the income distribution; the central government does not achieve its rightful income as a direct managers and owners of oil and gas resources, and most of the benefits to be achieved by the oil and gas resource development business. This will not only result the destructive exploration and exploitation of the oil companies and the waste of resources, while the government need to provides the funds because of environmental pollution arising from the development of oil and gas resources. The relation with the oil and gas exploration business and the local governments is also more subtle, on the one hand the production can form some positive effects, such as promoting the industry chain development, improving the investment environment, stimulating consumer demand and providing the employment opportunities, but at the same time it also causes some negative effects with the economic activity in oil and gas exploration companies, as the irrational of industrial planning, the destruction of environmental, the low compensation of land acquisition and the separation of the tax fund and tax revenue. And there are anomaly distribution of administrative taxes and resource taxes between the central government and local government.Secondly, the mainly problems of oil and gas resources tenements are the highly concentrated of investment and franchise reflected by a single property, the conflicts between single tenements and duality land rights, imperfect of the mining rights market, imperfect of the system of paid use, ignoring the local interests of oil and gas resources and so on. Thirdly, the mainly problems of the revenue realization system are mainly reflected in immature of oil and gas resources tax system, insufficient account of the specificity of the oil and gas industry, as well as insufficient account of the sustainable development of resources and environmental and so on. Fourthly, the mainly problems of the mining land system are the loss of the local interests caused by the obtaining way of the Mining land, the compensation being not conducive to the development of resources economy. Finally, it’s demonstrated that the market price of oil and gas resources is still in the process of gradual improvement by the use of empirical analysis. According to the research results, China’s crude oil spot price are influenced by its own inertia of prices and less affected by the international crude oil market prices, and China’s crude oil spot price has not been fully integrated with the international crude oil spot market, etc., so we can draw a conclusion that China’s crude oil price has not really achieve market-oriented pricing mechanism.Part V, combination of the advanced foreign experience to provide a reference for the system reform. The reason analysis of the international petroleum contract modes is that describing the relationship definition between the foreign oil and gas production business and government, as well as the basic form of its earnings distribution. Secondly, introducing the revenue realization system of oil and gas resources in foreign country, including the resource rent tax, oil windfall tax, resource depletion allowance system and general taxes. And we can draw a conclusion that it’s strictly policy and high taxes which country has rich reserves of oil and gas resources, and resource taxes are the main source of state revenues in that country; it’s more generous policy and low taxes which country has poor reserves of oil and gas resources. So we can get revelations with the income distribution system of foreign oil and gas resources through the contrast analysis, such as the ownership of oil and gas resources, the oil contract model of domestic and international, domestic revenue realization system, the social responsibility obligations between government and corporate. The revelations are the coordination with institutional construction, improvement income distribution system of oil and gas resources, improvement tax system for oil and gas resources, diversify adjustment of tax policy, establishment of resource depletion allowance system, strengthening the legal process of the income distribution system construction of oil and gas resources and so on.Part Ⅵ, proposed policy recommendations of the income distribution system reform of oil and gas resources. Firstly, proposed the fundamental principles of the income distribution system of oil and gas resources, such as the principles of sustainable development, the principle of priority to the development of basic industries as well as the principle of respect for the law of oil and gas development. Secondly, this thesis constructs the overall design of the income distribution system of oil and gas resource under the socialist market economic system, and the reform should start from the following aspects: the resource compensation system to adjust the relationship between the central government and the local government, the value of the compensation system to adjust the relationship oil and gas resources between owners and users, adjusting the resource tax system. Then this thesis makes recommendations on the reform of the income distribution system of oil and gas resources:innovation the oil and gas property system, the reform should start from reforming the initial tenements configuration system, promoting the construction of market-oriented mining right transfer system, establishing the management committee of oil and gas mineral rights, as well as implementing the asset management of oil and gas resources, etc.; improvement the revenue realization form of oil and gas resources, the reform should start from defined benefit nature, associated the revenue system of oil and gas resources with its market price, straightening out the concrete measures of income distribution, etc.; improving the mining land use system, the reform should start from strengthening land use rights of farmers’ collective, Innovating the Obtainment way of the mining land, stretching the industrial chain of oil and gas resources in the origin of resources, creating opportunities for job placement, etc.; establishment the ecological compensation mechanism of oil and gas resources in the development process, the reform should start from establishing a comprehensive system of environmental guarantee fund, establishing the transfer payments system of ecological compensation, etc..Part Ⅶ, proposing the design of related reforms. Firstly, this part of contents summarizes to the empirical analysis of the former thesis, and proposes to speed up. the price of crude oil market, such as promoting the reform with competition, establishing of the oil futures market, establishing and perfecting the mechanism of tax transfers, reducing the oil dependence and so on. Secondly, in order to improve relevant laws and regulations and establish specific regulations of oil and gas resources, the reform should start from modifying the existing laws and regulations, strengthening the development of local laws and regulations, developing specific regulations on special areas and key issues and so on.The possible innovation of this thesis is the following three aspects:First of all, income is the premise and foundation of distribution, so when researching the income distribution of oil and gas resources, this thesis straighten out the existing revenue realization system of oil and gas resources at first. It analyzes the existing institutional arrangements and policy design, especially analyzing the economic properties of the existing revenue form, in order to discover the outstanding problems and improve the revenue realization system of oil and gas resources. Secondly, "Stones from other hills may attack the jade", in view of the problems existing in China’s oil and gas resource income distribution system, to foreign oil and gas reserves being abundant income distribution system of the country as the research object, analyzing the typical foreign oil contracts and benefits realization model system, and domestic and foreign oil and gas resources income distribution system to carry on the contrast analysis, which summed up., the advanced experience is worth our reference. Finally, this thesis analyzes the existing distribution pattern of oil and gas resources and the mainly problems of the income distribution system of oil and gas resources. On the basis of the research of the advanced experience of foreign this thesis proposes the adjustment program of existing income distribution pattern of oil and gas resources.