International Economic Exchanges Thought Of Das Kapital

“Das Kapital” evolves from the first paper "The Kapital" in the first volume of Marx’s economics masterpiece “The Critique of Political Economics” six volumes structure plan( "six volumes plan" for short). In the "six volume plan", especially in the latter two volumes, the international economic exchanges would become one of the most important problems to be discussed. It was a pity that Marx’s "six volume plan" had not been completed, yet according to "Das Kapital", we also can sort out Marx’s thoughts of the relevant international economic exchanges. At present, our country is in a new stage of opening to the outside world. The decisive role of market economy will be more prominent. The situation of international economic exchanges will be more serious, so in reality, we urgently need Marxist theory of international economic exchanges as our guidance. So the international economic exchanges thought of "Das Kapital" will provide help for opening to the outside world and constructing socialist modernization of our country.This paper, based on the position of Marxism, made integrated use of the text and the historical investigation method, the discipline integration and combination research method, the economic and political combination method, theory and reality combination method, discussed the international economic exchanges thoughts of "Das Kapital" on the whole. Around the core category of "The Capital", this paper extends out the basic situation of international economic exchanges under the condition of capitalism, then analyzed the concrete form of international economic exchanges, after, this paper digged out the relationships between the international economic exchanges and the capitalist mode of production itself, and then improves the idea of "Das Kapital" international economic exchanges, elucidated the effect of international economic exchanges on the international relations and international order under the condition of capitalism, and provided the basis to the research of relevant international issues, then analysed the international economic exchanges from the trend of entire human society developments and predicts its future development trend, and finally systematically summarized the important theoretical significance and practical value of the idea of "Das Kapital" international economic exchanges. The main content and ideas of this paper include:First, the "Das Kapital" revealed the formation and development process of international economic exchanges. The formation and development of international economic communication was a process of "natural history", and the international economic exchanges had been existed before the capitalist mode of production was established, yet after the establishment of the capitalist mode of production, the international economic exchanges has taken place great changes both in terms of scale and frequency. The human society began to enter the real and comprehensive new era of international economic exchanges. Capitalist international economic exchanges successively experienced workshop handicraft industry on the threshold of the true sense of the international economic exchanges and machine big industrial age in the true sense of the international economic development and mature stage. Under the condition of capitalist production mode, the rapid development of international economic exchanges appeared many new characteristics compared with the previous, for example: using military means and economic means together, chaos and rule system coexistence, as well as economic dependence and political assimilation. The revelation of the formation and development process of international economic exchanges will help us to grasp the law of international economic exchanges more clearly and accurately.Second, "Das Kapital" discussed the concrete forms of international economic exchanges. From the point view of the historical sequence, with the development of productivity, the foreign trade gradually appeared, and this was the basic form of the earliest international economic exchanges. The emergence and development of foreign trade made the relative superiority or comparative advantage of each country fully play out, thus promoted the production and development of international division of labor, and the international division of labor was the extension of the international economic exchanges. With the development of foreign trade and international division of labor, foreign investment has become possible, foreign investment was a new embodiment of the advanced stage of the development of foreign trade and international division of labor, and the further development of international economic exchanges. Foreign trade, the international division of labor, and foreign investment influence each other, promote each other, in combination with each other, eventually formed the world market, the world market was the highest form of international economic exchanges. With the emergence of the world market, history has also begun to change into the history of the world. From the perspective of the logical sequence, capital has three forms, namely currency capital, production capital, capital goods, with each kind of form having the impulse to break the national boundaries and corresponding form in the form of the world. The main approach to break through national boundaries was the foreign trade. The way to break through national boundaries was mainly the international division of labor; the main approach to break through national boundaries was foreign investment. The world market was the total state of these three kinds of forms, which was the interaction result of foreign trade, international division of labor and foreign investment. The detailed analysis of concrete form of international economic exchanges enables us to grasp the content of international economic exchanges more deeply.Third, "Das Kapital" evaluated the relationship between international economic exchanges and the capitalist mode of production. International economic exchanges has promoted the formation and development of the capitalist mode of production, yet played a limited role in solving various contradictions in the process of capitalist production. It solved the contradiction in the process of capitalist production between man and nature by means of the transnational flow of production factors in the world market. Thus the transnational flow of production factors has accelerated the development of the capitalist productivity and promoted the progress of the capitalist society. However, the transnational flow of production factors under the conditions of capitalism could not completely solve the contradiction of capitalist production. Opening up foreign markets has increased the sales channels, but the characteristics of capitalist production soon disabled the world market to satisfy the need of capitalism for the sale of goods market, so world markets could not completely solve the economic crisis of capitalism. Transferring the domestic class contradictions through the exploitation of backward countries to, which has solved the distribution contradiction of the capitalist society. In world competition, wealth has generally transferred from poor countries to developed countries, which has improved working conditions and living standards of the working class in developed countries, and also relaxed distribution and class contradictions in a certain degree. However, this kind of class contradictions still won’t disappear. According to the these analysis, we can reveal the important roles of international economic exchanges under the condition of capitalism, it also help us to further grasp the specific operation condition of international economic exchanges under the capitalist mode of production.Fourth, "Das Kapital" elucidated the relationship between international economic exchanges and international order as well as international relations. Under the capitalist mode of production, the international economic exchanges has a great effect on international order and international relations, which gived economic conditions to the birth of modern international system, influenced the birth of modern international relations, the conversion of war and peace, and the relationship between the suzerain and colony. We can not ignore the important role of international economic exchanges in the war. In the formation of the modern international politics pattern, International economic exchanges have important influence on competing for hegemony between great powers, imperial and colonial relationship and international anarchy. Owing to the influence of international economic exchanges, the international relations and international order also appeard some new corresponding characteristics: In diplomatic activities, the bourgeoisie were in dominant position, with diplomacy mainly meeting the need of bourgeois interests; In foreign relations, the interest became the most important goal while ideology, integrity, moral, etc. are greatly weakened; In the international politics, might and strength was the cardinal principle. At the same time, the situation of international relations and order also has a profound influence on the international economic exchanges activities. Combing the relations between international economic exchanges and international issues, is good for the research of international relations by providing economic material, it also can help us to explore the research field of the "Das Kapital".Fifth, "Das Kapital" pointed out the relationship between international economic exchanges and the human society development trend. Although the international economic exchanges can not decide the development trend of human society, but it has a great impact on it. It can not only promote the birth and development of a social system, but also accelerate its extinction. In the process of the birth and development of capitalism, with the change of a variety of conditions, international economic exchanges had being accelerating the collapse of the capitalist system, although the international economic communication played a positive promoting role in the past. It amplifies the defects of the capitalist system, accelerates the transition from the capitalist private ownership to the socialist ownership, and also promotes the significant changes in world exchanges relation, which constitutes a serious challenge to the capitalist system. At the same time, the international economic exchanges had played a positive role in promoting the establishment of the Communist system. It promotes the establishment of the material foundation of the new social system, promotes the formation and development of the new social system, and promotes the improvement of the overall quality of the people needed by the new social system. In the future development trend of the international economic exchanges, it’ll still exist in another new form, achieving its own historical position in essence. Exploring the relationship between international economic exchanges and the trend of human society development will make us understand the regular and trend of human society development clearly.Sixth, the paper analyzed the theoretical significance and the contemporary value of the "Das Kapital" international economic exchanges thoughts. From the point view of theoretical significance, "Das Kapital" international economic exchanges thought had enriched and developed the international economic exchanges research before Marx era, updated Marx his own early international economic exchanges though, effected the research of international economic exchanges after Marx era, and laid the foundation and pointed out the correct direction for the current research of Marxism international economic exchanges thought. From the point view of practical value, "Das Kapital" international economic exchanges thought helps us to recognize the essence of the contemporary capitalism developed countries’ international economic exchanges through the complicated international economic phenomenon and maintain the state interests of our country in the international economic exchanges.