Policy Evolution And Proposal Of Public Housing In China

As the saying goes, "to live and work in peace and contentment", The 18 th National Congress of CPC proposed that We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.....After completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in 2020, the urban residents can live on the housing that be more conducive to their healthy. Visibly, housing is playing an important role of the general plan of five statuses and one system. Owing to the housing problems have an effect on the vital interests of the masses, macro economy running smoothly and the healthy development of urbanization, the government should accurately grasp the current urban housing contradiction, completing the public housing policy and improving the regulatory mechanism of the real estate market. Focusing on the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in2020, on the background of speeding up the process of industrialization,urbanization, marketization and internationalization, it’s an urgent task to establish and improve housing security system, to strengthen and improve the real estate market regulation.Therefore, this paper starting from the housing concept of Marxism theory,taking the Marxism theory, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, welfare economics, social security theory, equitable distribution theory as the theoretical basis, based on the comparative analysis of current domestic and foreign typical national housing policy,we can comb the effectiveness of our indemnificatory housing policy and the existing prominent problems, trying to find the causes of these problems and improving the existing policies, and then, we will build a more suitable housing policy system of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the urbanization and the equalization of public service.At present, study abroad mainly focused on the necessity of social insurance and housing security policy of the typical countries in the world. Since 2010, our country start to promote housing policy, many experts and scholars carried on the research and demonstrate from the historical evolution of housing security policy,policy content, the problems existing in the effectiveness evaluation, etc.Based on above researches, this paper will deep analyze the affordable housing policy in China, combining with various research methods of literature material analytic method, normative research, comparative analysis method,content analysis, survey method and experience summary method, and with basic theory of different disciplines. This paper includes two parts, the first part is mainly for combing a variety of related theory, policy analysis and analysis of typical cases at home and abroad; Another part includes summarizing experience and lessons,raising questions, and exploring the path to solve these problems, and tries to establish a more suitable affordable housing policy for the development of Chinese urbanization. This paper is divided into seven chapters, as follows:The first chapter: introduction. Based on the research background of Affordable housing in our country, we can discuss theoretical and practical significance of this research. Based on combing the research achievements of scholars at home and abroad, we can summary the problems, explore the innovation point of this thesis, introduce the research methods and writing framework.The second chapter: the theoretical foundation of housing security. Which including the housing theory of Mann classical writers and western Marxist, social security theory with affordable housing, equitable distribution theory with housing equality, housing filtering theory with housing policy, housing demand theory with housing supply and demand, the proportion of housing consumption of residents’ income and hierarchy of needs, etc. Otherwise, it analyzes the basic connotation of affordable housing policy, through the definition of related concepts and the traces of its history to clarify the definition, connotation, boundaries, the significance of social security and the necessity of establishing the policy system. Otherwise, to study the affordable housing policy under the guidance of the housing theory in China. Thischapter, by means of vertical comparison of domestic policy by time and horizontal comparison of domestic policy by content, combs the evolution of domestic policy and summarizes the merits of the domestic policy to lay the foundation of discovering the further problems.From 1994 to 2015, the housing security policy is ongoing content adjustment through combining with the development of the politics, economics,society, it has basically formed a relatively complete policy system, which formed by each specific policy horizontally and central and local government policy vertically.Macro policy guidance issued by the state council, and based on the general guidelines, the planning objectives and the requirement, the ministries make a further specific content and conduct supervision. This chapter has a 3D scanning of the central government’s housing security policy. The "graph" can provide the development and characteristic of housing policy more intuitively.Housing security policy, as a complicated system engineering, is very important in the national social security policy involving many subject areas, including: the housing theory of Mann classical writers, social security theory, public management,public economics, welfare economics, consumer economics, microeconomics and so on. They are all discussing the housing security problem from different angles and aspects, which are the theory foundation to further study housing security and make housing security policy.The third chapter: The evolution of affordable housing policy in China. They includes two parts: Development stage(1990 s ~ 1990) : the town of affordable housing in our country started from grope to the initial shape,and Deepening development stage(2007- present) : the construction scale of affordable housing and continue to expand and improve the housing security system.The fourth chapter: the achievements and problems of our country’s affordable housing policy. This chapter starts with researching China’s affordable housing policy to analyze the success and failure experiences of affordable housing policy,and on this basis, we can find the problems of affordable housing in our country, and study the feasibility of the policy reform.The root cause of these problems is the institutional deficiencies and short of complete legal protection, and some old laws and regulations need to be revised and modified as the new situation. According to the construction and development of affordable housing, we need to develop some new laws and regulations, etc.Currently, the fundamental charter about housing construction and development,including “housing law”, “housing security law” and so on, has yet to develop, it brings disadvantageous effects on to the government practice operation of affordable housing and improve the level of management.The fifth chapter: a comparative study of foreign typical national housing policy.The main task of this chapter is establishing a relatively reasonable reference system to research and design for the affordable housing policy.The evolution stage of the affordable housing policy in many countries appears that the construction of affordable housing system is a long-term process.With the development of urbanization and industrialization, affordable housing policy also needs to keep pace with the times. Otherwise, the evolution of the policy has its rules. Housing problem is often embodied in absolute, structural shortage. But it also affected by the law of economic and social development, and to solve the problem of different periods of the housing, which must be dominated by government. Due to the particularity of housing commodity, it can not only rely on market mechanism, while the western market economy countries advocate free competition and market regulation, the government, as the national economy macro regulator, must consider the social fairness, which must be responsibility in the domestic housing safeguard of low income family. Legislation must come first.According to the different security class to set up the multilevel security policy, it can improve the innovation supporting system and system support.The sixth chapter: To explore the innovation mechanism of housing safeguard policy. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the innovation road of mechanism and system of affordable housing policy in China, design the relevant policies of the reform path to form a more perfect policy security system and construct the affordable housing policy which conforms to China’s practice development.Housing security system is public housing system that government carry out the social management and public service function, through the housing and rent,placement, or rent subsidies, housing subsidies, providing housing support for the low-income families(the specific standard of low-income household income line by household income according to the across grouping method establishing by national statistics bureau). Under the economy “new normal ”,especially the real estate market price is low, the problem of housing security system appears a new change,which providing the opportunity to change the compensation criterion from house area to household size, meanwhile, the linked financial support and government’s responsibilities should also be synchronous change.