A Research On Bettering The Mechanism Of "Alleviating Poverty With Tourism" In Ethnic Villages In Yunnan And Guizhou Provinces

Yunnan and Guizhou are two big multinational provinces with rich tourism resources, but underdeveloped in China. Since the 90’s of last century, Yunnan and Guizhou have been promoting the policy of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in ethnic villages. From 2002, the policy has become one of the "New Normal", and achieved some success. In Guizhou, it helped to make these ethnic villages put off "the poor hat" by developing Tourism in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Qianxinan Prefecture, Qiannan Prefecture, Bijie City and other Prefectures and cities.In Yunnan, many cities, such as Dali, Lijiang, Xishuangbanna, Diqing, also got rid of poverty in similar way. However, there are still some problems. For example, the phenomenon of "with more help, becoming poorer" emerged, and some disputes caused by development for alleviating poverty with tourism, and even the emergence of group events. The effect of current policy of alleviating poverty with Tourism in Ethnic Villages is inefficiency in some regions. To this, different people have different ideas.On the one hand, from the perspective of institutional economics and social capital dimensions, the poor motivation in the mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" is the main course of the unpleased effect in some parts of Yunnan and Guizhou Ethnic Villages. On the other hand, using the law to solve the problem of poverty in the ethnic areas of the provinces is a kind of "New Normal". For the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou, they are not only the important carriers of the poverty, but also the natural subject of ethnic cultural and tourism resources. Therefore, from this point of view, reflection and reconstruction of the mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou Tourism are an important path to go through the problems.What are the evaluation criteria of the reflection and reconstruction for mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages? In other words, what are their theoretical tools and basis of reflection and reconstruction? On the one hand, it is an ethnical social and economic issue, as well as an ethnical law problems. On the other hand, under the rule of law, the author thinks that legal theory, social theory and economics theory of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages are the theoretical tools and theoretical basis for reflection and reconstruction of the mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages.According to the principle of proximity, this paper mainly took the legal theory of the mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages as its theory tool and theoretical basis for its reflection and reconstruction. There are many legal theories of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages Ethnic Village.The legal value goal, legal nature of the subject, the legal characteristics, the Ethnic Villages Tourism Attractions and its property right of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" are the important theoretical tools and theoretical basis of the reflection and reconstruction for the mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou.Under this consideration, this paper made a discussion on the legal value goal, the legal nature of subject, the legal characteristics, the Ethnic Villages Tourism Attraction and its property right of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages. In the first part, on the basis of legal value of the practical level for the "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages, the legal value goal of the current mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou is "To give priority to efficiency supplemented by fairness"Then from the concept and purpose of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages, the ideal level and the ought-to-be level was analyzed. The researchers found that the value goal of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages should be "To give priority to equity supplemented by benefits".After that, the paper revealed the legal nature of the subject and the legal characteristics of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages from the sociology of law and comparative law perspective. Different subjects of the Ethnic Villages adapting the policy of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" have both differences and similarities. Finally, by the use of the property law theory, the concept and characteristics of ethnic villages tourism attractions and its property right were explained.No doubt, the mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages of Yunnan and Guizhou is very complex, which contained many subsystems. But in this paper, it only focuses on the participation mechanism, the safeguard mechanism for the rights and interests and the financing mechanism of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou. The paper made the longitudinal analysis on the present situation, the defects and the improvement of the major mechanism.From the ideal level perspective, the relationship between the participation mechanism and the legal nature of the subject, and legal characteristics of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages is the main form and its content. However, in the practical level, the relationship between these aspects has deviated from the ideal level. The ethnic villages in Yunnan and Guizhou and their residents still stay in a marginalized status in the reform of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages. This paper has made the discussion on the subject mechanism and the participation mechanism of the reform of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou.Firstly, the analysis is based on the main current mechanism and defects of the participate subject of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou. From the aspects of the social capital, empowerment and legal personality, it demonstrates the improvement measures of participation mechanism for "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou.Then, the analysis of the ethnic village tourism poverty alleviation is divided into three modes by different participation subject:government dominant, tourism enterprises dominant and ethnic communities dominant. The paper does the research on the three kinds of different patterns, their characteristics and effects. Under the theory of resources integration, it finds the flaws of current mechanism and puts forward the suggestion for the participation mechanism improvement of the Ethnic Village Tourism poverty alleviation in Yunnan and Guizhou.The legal value goal, the legal nature of the subject, the legal characteristics, the Ethnic Villages Tourism Attraction and its property right of the ethnic village tourism poverty alleviation are not only the soul but the vital elements of the inner power station, including the distribution of rights, obligations and responsibilities of the subject, the specialization and categorization of the tourism attraction, the property, usage and disposition of the attraction property right, and the Tourism disputes.For better understanding of the safeguard mechanism for the rights and interests of the ethnic village tourism poverty alleviation in Yunnan and Guizhou, the author made the field investigation on the effect of the Ethnic Tourism Village poverty alleviation in Yunnan and Guizhou. It found that ethnic communities in Yunnan and Guizhou are lack of participate motivation in tourism poverty alleviation, and the disputes appeared to be the mam reason.So in this sense, preventing and eliminating the disputes is the effective way to enhance the participate motivation for ethnic communities. The underlying reasons for the motivation defects of the mechanism for "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou were analyzed as well. The unfair distribution of rights, obligations and responsibilities are the main reasons for the mechanism defects. Based on this analysis, fair and reasonable distribution of rights, obligations and responsibility are the core for the improvement of internal mechanism for Ethnic Village Tourism in Yunnan and Guizhou.On the one hand, the theoretical knowledge of ethnic village tourism attraction and its property right is inadequate. On the other hand, the absence of the ethnic village tourism attractions and its property right led to the inadequate financing motivation for "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou. In order to deal with the financial problem of of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou, this paper summarizes and analyses the formulation and implement of financing regulations and policies of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou.From the view of credit and financial integration and utilization, the Finance mechanism defects of "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou were reviewed, and the corresponding countermeasures to improve the financing mechanism were put forward. Meanwhile, the necessity to set up the financing guarantee for the people’s financial benefit was discussed and suggestions on construction of public financing guarantee mechanism for "Alleviating Poverty with Tourism" in the Ethnic Villages in Yunnan and Guizhou were offered.