A Study On Individual Effcet Of Income And Income Gap For Science And Technology Personnel

Since the 1990s, while the economy of our nation has been growing rapidly and people’s incomes have been raised progressively, the income gap has also been widening gradually among people. Many studies have suggested that our residents’ subjective well-being fails to follow the rising incomes, instead rendering a declining tendency. On a macroscopic level, the issue of income gap has grown even sharper over the recent years, becoming a key factor affecting social stability. On a microscopic level, the phenomena of slackness at work and drain of employees, as a result of income gap, unfair distribution and more issues, have also become increasingly prominent. Science and technology personnel, as a treasure of human resources to our country, are the primary productive force. As members in the society, they may be subject to all sides in terms of working enthusiasm and creativity, among which the issue of income is the foremost factor affecting them. Targeting science and technology personnel as the research object, this study explores some major problems existing within science and technology personnel’incomes and income distribution and raises pertinent policies and suggestions by making a systematic explorative discussion on income, income gap and the influences of relevant factors upon the science and technology personnel in terms of physiology, psychology, behavior and more, which is not only of strong realistic significances but can make certain contribution and supplement to the current theories on income distribution.In order to conduct a systematic study on income, income gap and their individual effect upon science and technology personnel, this paper begins with a systematic review of the major theories on income distribution and on individual motivation; meanwhile, it makes a categorized summary of domestic and foreign income-related literatures, on which base the focus of research in this paper is determined. Next, this paper gives an elaborate measurement to the income gap between science and technology personnel, meanwhile making an in-depth analysis on the factors influencing such gap by the method of quantitative analysis. In the subsequent Chapters VI, VII and VIII, this paper conducts separate studies on the psychological, behavioral and physiological consequences of income and income gap upon the science and technology personnel.To deepen the research, this paper integrates the use of both methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative research. Where, the method of qualitative research is mainly applied in respects of theories and literatures review. In the method of quantitative research, this paper mainly employs correlation analysis, sum-of-ranks verification, optimal scaling regression, stratified regression, progressive regression, multiple correspondence analyses, stratified linear modeling and structural equation modeling and more methods. Where, the optimal scaling regression and the multiple correspondence analysis have enabled us to determine the major factors influencing the income gap between science and technology personnel; the stratified linear modeling has analyzed the latent effect of regional income gap upon science and technology personnel’ turnover intention; and the structural equation modeling has figured out the paths along which income and income gap affect the health level of science and technology personnel.This paper has made the major conclusions through research as follow:(1) The actual incomes for science and technology personnel are widely not high. According to the samples of the survey, roughly 2/3 of the science and technology personnel earn below RMB 3000 Yuan on a monthly basis. In a nationwide horizon, the income gap between science and technology personnel is relatively equal, the Gini coefficient being around 0.23, which is below the correspondent value of the incomes of citizens in our country while lower than the international warning line of 0.4. (2) Among all the influential factors, working area has the greatest effect upon the income gap between science and technology personnel; meanwhile, the hierarchy in position and job duty have greater effect upon the income gap between science and technology personnel than that from educational background and professional title, which indicates that the segmentation of the labor market carries more weight, than does individual human capital, on science and technology personnel’ incomes in our country at present. (3) Science and technology personnel’ relative incomes as well as the unit’s internal income distribution system have greater effect on science and technology personnel’ satisfaction compared with absolute incomes. The income gap between intra-provincial science and technology personnel can enhance the effect of industrial income level upon job satisfaction. In provinces where the income gap is huger, income level makes a greater contribution to job satisfaction. (4) There is a negative correlation between science and technology personnel’ monthly income and the turnover intention. Job satisfaction plays a role as a partial intermediate in the effect of monthly income upon turnover intention. With the increase in monthly income level, the effect of salary satisfaction upon turnover intention weakens gradually. While the income gap between intra-provincial science and technology personnel can impair the effect of job satisfaction upon turnover intention, the per-capita income of intra-provincial residents can enhance the effect of the former upon the latter. (5) The effect of monthly income upon the health condition of science and technology personnel is not significant. However, their relative incomes-both levels of industrial income and regional income-are significantly affecting the health condition of science and technology personnel. The result of the structural equation model reveals that, the level of relative incomes has a negative direct effect, but a positive indirect effect through control over living quality, upon health.The major originality of this paper lies in the following aspects:(1) Originality in research perspective. Through multilayer linear modeling, for the first time this research combines the macroscopic income gap (Gini coefficient) with the microscopic incomes of science and technology personnel, job satisfaction and turnover intention. The enlightening conclusion has been drawn, namely at this current stage the income gap between science and technology personnel still needs widening to an appropriate degree so that income can exert a greater incentive effect on science and technology personnel. (2) Originality in research content. On the base of the studies by predecessors, this paper has detailed the concept of’income’, which is subdivided into absolute income, relative income, expectation for income, income-expense pressure, fairness sense of income, and more factors, whereby to systematically understand the effect of income upon science and technology personnel in all sides. Meanwhile, this paper has also extended the analysis on the effect of the science and technology personnel’s incomes upon their health, acquiring some meaningful conclusions, which deepen our understanding towards the health demand model. (3) Originality in research methodology. This paper has introduced the stratified linear modeling method, which has been researched and developed in specific pertinence to stratified data. The introduction of this method has successfully combined such macroscopic concepts as ’regional income gap’ with microscopic individual variables. In order to systematically analyze the effects of science and technology personnel’ incomes and relevant factors upon health condition, this paper has introduced the structural equation modeling, whereby acquiring the relevant accesses and paths to the effect of science and technology personnel’ incomes upon their health condition, which has also enhanced our recognition into this research field.