A Study On Land Reclamation And Its Management Systems

With the rapid economic development in coastal areas, the increasing pressure of population growth and the contradiction between shortage of the land resources and the space resources become sharper and sharper, so reclamation of the ocean has become an important way to develop lands'area and space, ease the contradiction between humanity and land.Throughout the history of the development of domestic and external reclamation, we can find the benefits of land reclamation can be divided into positive results and negative results. Positive results are mainly reflected in the socio-economic aspects, while the negative impact is mainly reflected in the natural and ecological aspects, especially the cumulative negative impact is more focused on the effect of resources. During a certain period, people ignored the negative effects of confining land reclamation, focusing only on positive economic benefits. The destruction of natural ecology and resources, in turn, hinder or slow down the socio-economic development, directly reflecting the sustainable development of regional socio-economic aspects. The scarcity of marine resources, the vulnerability and irreversibility of marine environment determine that the government should hold very cautious approach when treating land reclamation, and strengthen the management of reclamation. External effect theory, integrated management of coastal zone theory, integration of land and sea and regional coordination development theory is the theoretical basis for the government to strengthen the management of land reclamation. Based on the above theories, establishing a standard framework for reclamation management system has become the necessary policy trend for our government obtaining land and space from the ocean.Historical changes of China's land reclamation and the typical reclamation cases of the North sea area, the East sea area, the South sea area indicate that although the positive effects of China's land reclamation is prominent, which increases land supply, ease the tension of coastal land, and ease the pressure on the environment of inland areas to some extent, however the negative impact of reclamation can not be ignored. Reclamation will lead to sharp drop in the gulf area, weak of the gulf property and degradation of ecosystem function. The natural landscape of coastal will be destroyed. It will cause the conflict of using of resources, intensify the contradiction between industries, and intensify social contradictions, increase social instability, etc.In face of new development situation, China must size up the situation; accurately make an estimate the economic, social and eco-environmental benefits of land reclamation. Considering these three aspects of effectiveness as well as availability of indicators, the paper constructs a three-tier combined effects'evaluation system, using the assessment methods such as market value method, expert assessment method, questionnaire survey method and shadow project method, etc. Each index of indicator level are described and calculated to explain. It comprehensively evaluates the various benefits of the land reclamation, using stratified screening method and comprehensive index evaluation method. Among them, the thesis empirically analyze the ecological environmental benefits of reclamation from hydrodynamic conditions, marine sediment conditions, marine environment quality and biological resources these four angles by giving Guangdong province in the South sea as an example, analyze the economic benefits of reclamation with economic profit value, the influence of agriculture, salt, tourism, transportation as the content by giving Hebei province in the North sea as an example, analyze the social benefits of reclamation including population and employment, infrastructure and public service, the ability to resist disasters and positive and negative of the effects landscape effect by giving Fijian province in the East sea as an example.Great economic benefits and the arising resources, environmental and social problems show that the importance and necessity of government's strengthening the reclamation management. Management of land reclamation and institution building around our country can be divided into two phases fringing by 1990's. Since then our management system around the land reclamation mainly includes the relevant laws and regulations, as well as reclamation management system such as marine function zoning system, marine tenure management system, marine paid use system, environmental impact assessment system and marine using demonstration system, etc. The implementation of these rules to some extent regulates the reclamation act, but there are some problems to improve, standardize and perfect in the specific reclamation laws and regulations, specific management system, management framework, monitoring system etc. The problem exists mainly due to a weak sense of marine ownership, the lack of necessary laws, regulations and policy support, multi-sector controlling the sea, the conflict of functions, lack of integrated coastal zone planning and management and other reasons. Our country's management system around reclamation is not yet perfect. Marine management laws, regulations and supporting regulatory systems still need to be gradually improved, together with uneven development of various provinces and the cities using the legislation to marine resources. All of these brought about a certain negative impact to the sustainable development of China's marine resources, the environment and economic and social aspects.Land reclamation is widely practiced in other coastal countries as an important tool to expand living space and develop space. According to the causes of each country, the type of land reclamation reclamation can be divided into these three modes, the first one is life security demand mode, such as Netherlands, the second one is the industrialization demand mode such as Japan, the last one is the urbanization demand mode such as America. The history of land reclamation and changes of management measures in these countries provide good experience for our country to improve the management regulations of the reclamation.In the 21st century, land reclamation around our coastal areas presents a new trend. It has become the inevitable choice for our country to realize sustainable development of marine economy and to aim at the existing problems of the reclamation and defects of management system, to further strengthen the reclamation management through the system innovation. We should continue to regulate the government regulation system based on the comprehensive marine management needs. To achieve this goal, we should establish land-reclamation related system laws and regulations, establish the relative centralization, unified comprehensive marine management system, establish standard micro control system, and strengthen the system foundation of government's management of reclamation projects. In addition, we should streamline the administrative process, based on the needs of the management of land reclamation projects process. To achieve this objective, we should improve land reclamation about the comprehensive integrated planning and management, establish and improve land reclamation about the strategic demonstration system, strict the reclamation project about the examination and approval system, establish reclamation projects about track inspection and dynamic monitoring mechanism, and establish land reclamation about assessment system after the projects, etc.