| Global climate change caused by carbon emissions has brought adverse impacts significantly to the human society and economic development which has become the major issues in world politics, economic and sciences fields. Reducing carbon emission has become the international social consensus in response to climate change. China has determined the target to reduce emission load of greenhouse gases by 40-45% in 2020 compared with 2005. Promoting the reduction of carbon emission and the utilization of agricultural land in China plays an important role to realize the target, and it is also the basic premise of agricultural land utilization and agricultural sustainable development. Agricultural land utilization behavior is the important emission source of greenhouse gases, but is also vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Carbon emissions of agricultural land utilization has bigger external effects than other production activities, sending out less greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, increasing soil nutrition, and improving soil structure or environmental quality. And environmental external effects caused by environmental improvements of agricultural land resource should play a positive role. Besides, agricultural production is the basis and premise of other agricultural production department activities to national economy. Optimal utilization of agricultural resources environment would be the important security condition to realize sustainable development of agricultural economy. Therefore, analyzing such characteristics of carbon emissions as growth mechanism and policy has great theoretical and practical references to reduce agricultural land emission.Thus, based on farmers'decision-making behavior and environmental externality theories, the article uses many kinds of statistics and measurement analysis methods such as survey analysis, Logit model, EKC theory, Decoupling theory, Kaya identical equation to carry out qualitative analysis and quantitative study on carbon emissions of agricultural land utilization and emission-reduced policies. Analyzing agricultural land utilization and protection status quo of microscopic farmers as well as effecting factors of carbon behaviors reveals the carbon emissions microstructure of agricultural land utilization. The author tries to construct carbon emissions measure system of agricultural land utilization, estimating agricultural land history evolution rule and spatial characteristics of carbon emissions scientifically, decomposing all the factors of carbon emissions, making driving mechanism and economic reason of carbon emissions clear in quantity. Concluding and analyzing carbon emission-reduced technology and features from the two aspects of cutting carbon emissions and increase remit; and checking out effecting factors of technology micro-empirical inspection demands. Finally, the essay constructs policy system reasonably on carbon emission-reduced of agricultural land utilization based on the experience abroad. This paper is mainly divided into four aspects:literature review and analysis of the status of agricultural land resources environment (chapter 1 and 2), the microscopic mechanism analysis of agricultural land utilization (chapter 3), calculation on carbon emissions and analysis on driving factor of agricultural land utilization (chapter 4, 5 and 6), carbon emission-reduced technology of agricultural land utilization and policy system structure (chapter 7,8 and 9). Through the study, the following conclusion can be formed:(1) Generalizing Chinese agricultural land resources and environmental space-time characteristics, and analyzing the coupling relationship between agricultural land resources and environment and economic growth quantitatively, the paper finds that cultivated land area continued to decline, forest land and garden area remained weak growth, grass land area turned out to be downward trend. According to the impact loading from 2000 to 2008, factors which made agricultural land area shrink are sorted into ecological restoration, construction occupancy, agricultural structure adjustment, disaster destroyed arable land. But from the development trend, the proportion of construction occupancy in total reduced agricultural land area showed a rapid growth in recent years which is higher than other three factors. From the aspect of the cultivated land change various regions in 2008, per capita cultivated land area of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, etc for 6 provinces (municipalities) are below the FAO definitive cordon-0.8 mu. Per capita cultivated land area of Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, etc for 19 provinces (municipalities) are net increase, but are net decrease in other 12 provinces (municipalities), especially, net decrease load is highest in developed provinces (municipalities) such as Shanghai and Guangdong. Meanwhile, ecological environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer, pesticides and agricultural film is getting more serious. The result of dynamic coupling analysis on agricultural land environmental quality and agricultural economic growth shows, agricultural economic growth and agricultural land environmental quality turn out to be the stress development correlation, but its coercive trend has been weakened year by year.(2) Microcosmic analyzing farmers'agricultural land utilization and protection status, and model testing carbon behavior effecting factors of farmers'agricultural land utilization, we find each average cost of farmers'chemical and fertilizers is 324.25 and 145.71 yuan/mu, other production input is 556.92 yuan/mu. Outdoor employ income and agricultural income constitute the main part of farmers' income. Source of income multiplication tendency was quite obvious. Farmers have more response to agricultural land protection cost, but for different types of agricultural land protection, there are certain initiative differences. Farmers want the government to act on their land conservation subsidy, but they expect different compensation standard among different kinds of agricultural land. Protection payments and compensation intension are obviously different in typical areas, such as Wuhan, Qianjiang, Yichang, and Tianmen. Based on the test on farmers'carbon behaviors, we find agricultural land characteristic does remarkable effect to farmers'agricultural land utilization; age does obvious effect to carbon way of chemical fertilizer, but does weak effect to carbon ways of pesticides and wastes; agricultural land protection cognition did obvious effect to carbon ways of chemical fertilizer and pesticides utilization, but does weak effect to wastes dispose; professional skills do prominent effect to carbon ways of pesticides and wastes dispose, but do weak effect to carbon way of chemical fertilizer utilization; agricultural land scale of operation does remarkable effect to carbon ways of chemical fertilizer and pesticides, but does weak effect to carbon way of waste dispose.(3) Based on carbon emissions system of agricultural land utilization, and emission of agricultural land utilization from year 1993 to 2008 in China, the paper finds the agricultural carbon emission area is in the gradual upward trend of four stages. The average annual growth rate of agriculture carbon emissions is 4.08%, while the average annual growth rate of intensity is 2.38%. Higher carbon emission areas intensively distribute in the major provinces of agriculture, and the higher carbon emission intensity areas are mainly located in the developed cities, eastern coastal provinces and the central major provinces of agriculture. Because of different resource natural endowment, carbon sinks spatial variation of forest land is different. Carbon emission sinks of grassland intensively distribute in Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan, the 6 provinces account for 94.65 of total grass carbon sink. Annual carbon emissions rate of ecological restoration is 45.16. Carbon emissions load caused by construction is annual average increase by 2.23. The most outstanding area of ecological restoration carbon absorbing effect is Hebei. The marked area of carbon emission effect caused by construction land is Jiangsu. Characteristics of crops carbon sinks present phase 3 "bat type" fluctuation from year 1991 to 2008. Hainan, Ningxia, Shanghai, and other 10 provinces and cities in the central China and north China send net carbon emissions.(4) Research on variation correlation between carbon emissions of agricultural land utilization and economic development,based on EKC and decoupling theory, shows that per capita GDP and whole emission intension have co-integration relationship with five carbon sources such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, films, diesel and plough. Variation of per capita GDP is with two-way causality with whole emission intension, chemical fertilizers, diesel using and plough, but is with one-way causality with pesticides and film emissions. Based on EKC test, whole emission intension does exist N-shaped curve relation with per capita GDP; carbon emission intension of chemical fertilizers, diesel and plough each does exist N-shaped, N-shaped, backward N-shaped relation with per capita GDP; but carbon emission intension of pesticides and films each does not exist linear relation with per capita GDP. Judging from short-term relation, carbon emission of agricultural land utilization and economic development show a weak decoupling, expansion connection and expansion negative decoupling, but expansion connection and expansion negative decoupling are primary trends. Among them, the three provinces of Jiangsu, Hubei, and Hunan did exist strong decoupling, weak decoupling, expansion connection primarily; Shandong and Guangxi do exist strong decoupling and two weak decoupling primarily; Heilongjiang, Henan, Hebei and etc 6 provinces do have various elastic characteristics coexist.(5) Based on Kaya carbon emissions identical equation and Logarithmic mean D type index, discomposing effecting factors of agricultural carbon emission, the result shows the factors of efficiency, structure and labor scale can restrain carbon emission, and each accumulative carbon emission-reduced load of the three factors decreased by 12.95%,26.62%,33.29%. In contrast, agricultural economic development played an active role in agricultural carbon emission, which increased 154.94% carbon emission load. Judging from the area, agricultural economy development resulted in increasing carbon emission in all provinces (municipalities); Efficiency factor resulted in increasing carbon emission in the areas of Zhejiang. Anhui, Hainan and etc 9 provinces, while the other 22 provinces (municipalities) achieve carbon emission-reduced; Structural factors resulted in increasing carbon emission in the areas of Shanghai, Hunan, Gansu provinces (municipalities), while the other 28 provinces (municipalities) achieve carbon emission-reduced; Labor scale factor resulted in increasing carbon emission in the areas of Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Guangdong and etc 10 provinces (municipalities), while the other 21 provinces (municipalities) achieve carbon emission-reduced.(6) The paper analyzed the main types and characteristics carbon emission-reduced of the technology of agricultural land, and tested effecting factors of farmers'technology demand from microscopic farmer angle. We finds two aspects of carbon emission-reduced technology of agricultural land utilization:one based on carbon emission-reduced technology of cultivated land utilization, the other one based on carbon emission-increased technology of forest and grass land. With the basic assumptions and theoretical analysis on farmers' technology demand, through investigation and empirical test, the paper finds technologies farmer need most are the following three technologies: chemical fertilizers utilization, treatment knowledge of environmental pollution and human-animal feces, planting and breeding techniques. Moreover, based on model test, we find that gender did significant effects on planting and breeding techniques needs; educational attainment did significant effects on treatment knowledge of environmental pollution and human-animal feces; family income, whether participate in training or not and land natural endowment factor did remarkable positive correlation with three agricultural technology needs; parergon level is in contrast to planting technology or breeding technology service needs; and parergon level is in direct proportion to treatment knowledge of environmental pollution and human-animal feces.(7) Based on the carbon emission-reduced experiences of agricultural land utilization in foreign countries, we construct carbon emission-reduced policy system of agricultural land utilization and put forward China's agricultural carbon emission-reduced policy instruments, which include administrative control, financial means, etc. Specific include: government control, carbon tax, financial subsidies, carbon emissions trading, voluntary emissions agreement, etc. During the process of China's agricultural utilization, it should follow several principles:Structural emission-reduction as the key point, energy emission-reduction as the crux, technology for emission-reduction as the core, policies for voluntary emission-reduction as. the dynamic, etc. Finally, policy system of China's agricultural carbon emission-reduced is constructed, in terms of Propaganda, policy support, technical promotion, carbon trading market, etc.This research may put forwatd following innovation points:(1)The research on the carbon emissions questions are relatively rich, but they mainly concentrated in small scale accurate experiment in industrial, energy fields and natural science. And there is less research on evaluation of agricultural land carbon emissions and effect factors. This study shows novelty of research perspect, based on the environmental economics perspective, estimating and ananlyzing questions quantitatively about carbon emissions growth rule and economic motivation from the environmental economics perspective.(2)Starting from the micro perspective, the research constructs calculation sysytem on carbon emission-reduced of agricultural land utilization innovatively, which based on the empirical analysis about key factors of farmers'carbon behavior of agricultural land utilization. Besides, the research analyzes and concludes carbon emissions historical growth rule and space difference characteristics of agricultural land utilization in China, measures and finds out the changes in short and long term relationship between carbon emissions and economic development, decomposes the influence the properties and cumulative effect of effedcting factors such as efficiency and structure. Above all, the research shows novelty of research content.(3)This article uses such theories and model methods as cointegration, EKC, Kaya theory and model method, applying them in research of carbon emissions and agricultural land utilization. We drew a series of important value research conclusion:such as carbon emissions growth rule and regional characteristics of agricultural land utilization, and causality of economic growth and decoupling flexibility, and so on. All of these reflect research conclusion innovation.
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