The Implementation Of The Effect Of Environmental Policy Instruments And Selection

With the rapid development of economy, there's an increasing number of serious problems about environmental deterioration. To be aimed at the current deteriorated situation with each passing day, the government has designed different kind of environmental policy tools to harness the environment since China's reform and opening-up. It tried to restrain tendency of our environmental deterioration and improve our quality of environment by implementing the tools. However, how's the practical effect of carrying out different kinds of environmental political tools designed by the government? What kind of factors affected the effectiveness of environmental policy tools in the environmental implementation? Under the existing restrictions, how can the government realize the optimized choice of implementing different types of environmental policy tools?Surrounding the above problems, this article will be analyzed through the way of cases ,the way of comparison and so on.From analyzing,we give the following conclusions in this paper: Since the period of reform and opening-up, the Chinese government has designed three types of envromental tools.These tools is:(l) command-and-control types of enviromental policiy tools.(2)economic incentive types of environmental policy tools. (3)public participation types of environmental policy tools.These tools has some bad practical effectiveness and good practical effectiveness in the periods of policy inplementation. The factos effecting the command-and control tools is (1)the limits of policy designs; (2)the system of envirment management; (3)the diversified aim of the government governance, (4)the environment management capability of govermnment.The factors effecting the economic incentive types of environmental policy tools is (1) the limits of policy designs,(2)the faultiness of maket system,(3)the system of envirmentl management,(4)the lack of law protectiom,(5) the limits of techniques.The factors effecting the public participation types of environmental policy tools.is that (l)the lack of enviromental protection idea,(2)the system of envirment management,(3)the lack of law protectiom,(4)the weakness of the social organization power,(5)the high costs getting the information. Any types of enviromental policy tools have advantages and weakness, and if any types of enviromental policy tools want to get good effevemeness in policiy implementation, these tools must satisfy some conditions that is the characteristicof enviromental tools; the aims of enviromental policy and the external enviroment in policy implementation. So if the Chinese government wants to get the good effect of envromental policy tools in policy implementation, it must consides those conditions. When enviromental polciy tools can satisfy those conditons ,the choice of environmental policy tools by the Chinese government is an optimal choice.This article will be analyzed through seven departments.As for the introduction part, we mainly elaborate the article from research problems, research significance and the current research situation, methods and analytical framework and so on.Chapter two is the theoretical elaboration of policy tools. It mainly made a theoretical conclusion aimed to the types of policy tools, the relationships between policy tools and policy effects, and the policy tools models we chose.Chaptert three is environmental governace and enviromental policy tools, which was divided into three parts. The first section mainly introduces the environmental problems in our transition period, especially in the period of reform and opening-up. The second section expounds what kind of responds the government made according to the increasingly deteriorated environmental problems since China's reform and opening-up. The third section mainly explains the application situation of China's environmental policy tools, including types instruction and tools transition.Chapter four is the environmental policy tools under command control. The basic thought of this chapter is: the discussion from history evolution to implementation effects to the reasons. Around this mind, this chapter makes analysis the types of specific command control tools involving evaluation systems of environmental effects, total quantity control and the sewage permit system, implementation within a prescribed limit of time, and closing and transition methods. On the basis of implementation effects of specific tools, this chapter on the overall makes discussion about influencing factors on the effectiveness of command-control environmental policy tools.Chapter five is economic incentive types of environmental policy tools, and Chapter six is public participation types of environmental policy tools. The train of thought of these two chapters is the same as Chapter four. Among them, Chapter five makes discussion on sewage charging system within the economic incentive methods and sewage emissions trading system. Chapter six makes a discussion among three main bodies: public participation citizens, environmental protection NGO and environmental protection society. The last sections of these two chapters make analysis on effectiveness factors between the economic incentive methods and public participation methods on the overall view.Chapter seven is the optimized choice of environmental policy in china. The first section makes an analysis on the methods of environmental policy choices made by the Chinese government; The second section makes an analysis on the advantages and the weakness of environmental policy tools. The last section makes an analysis on the optimized choice modes of enviromental policy tools made by the Chinese government.