Micro-spectrometer System And Its Applications

Spectrometers are the basic analysis instruments of optical spectroscope and spectral analysis. The applications of traditional spectrometers are constrained due to their big volume and high costs, miniaturization becomes to be their important developing direction. This dissertation carries the research on the micro spectroscopic system and realized a micro fiber spectrometer with a possible working wavelength range covers ultra-violet and visible or visible and near infrared region, within which three different models of CCDs and several types of optical components could be configured practically. Further research was carried to study the advantage characteristic of this kind of dispersive spectroscopic system and a novel static dual-advantage system model based on coded aperture was raised firstly.In the design of circuit and detecting system of micro fiber spectrometer, the drive of three different models of CCDs with the same circuit hardware was achieved which highly simplified the circuit design. This design method's first applied among all existing similar instruments. An integrated time range of 10us～4.9sec for TCD1304AP linear CCD's realized which could meet the needs for lots of applications. This characteristic reaches and exceeds the highest level of foreign instruments. Then firstly carried the research on UV surface fluorescence enhancing technique for common CCDs in China, represented the requirements of phosphor powder used for CCD UV enhancing and the realization method for this technique, which guaranteed that the micro spectrometer could normally and effectively work in UV range.In the research of optical and mechanical system, two kinds of optical structures for micro fiber spectrometers were studied. Firstly, the optimum design of flat-field holographic concave grating was studied theoretically, globe searching algorithm's firstly introduced to solve the nonlinear equations set to increase the precision of the convergence and shorten the design cycle. The thought of anti-optimization and multi-working positions was raised to increase the design efficiency and the flexibility of this kind of existing gratings. Then, the design method for micro spectrometer optical system based on cross-asymmetrical Czerny-Turner structure's studied. After comparison, the latter's chosen as the basic optical structure for the micro fiber spectrometer. At last, the design of optical and mechanical system and thorough tolerance analysis of the integral hardware system were achieved utilizing optical and mechanical design and simulation softwares as CodeV, Tracepro and Solidworks. Furthermore, two types of spectral measurement accessories were designed based on practical applications. In the design of software system, the software system not only achieved the complete control of the spectrometer, basic spectral measurements and analysis function, but also realized a SDK based on two kinds of calling interfaces, which could highly extend system's function and increase system's practicability and flexibility. The results of a mass of various experiments show that the real system's performance's pretty high, the whole system is of high degree serialization and has strong hardware and software expansibility, thus, is competitive to its latest counterparts among foreign instruments. The whole system has already been put into mass production and marketing.Base on the realizing of micro fiber spectrometer, the traditional slit based dispersive spectrographic system model's studied to find the reason for system performance's restriction. A novel static high gain system model's raised, in which traditional slit's replaced by an orthogonal individual column coded aperture, which made it possible to extract the single channel's spectrum from the superposed spectrum and achieved system's dual advantages. Based on the derivation of the theoretical system model, a simulation system was setup to test its correctness and feasibility. The simulation and tolerance analysis results show that this system model is of very high performance and totally achievable. This novel high gain model highly optimizes the performance of traditional dispersive spectroscopic system and is of revolutionary sense for micro spectrometers based on 2D detectors.