| Lead pollution has become an important factor currently that has influenced children growth seriously,which can seen by industrialization,urbanization and transportation. The study in this field in our country started from 1960's,mainly concerning occupational hazards and discussing its aetiology,clinical diagnose as well as its treatment:In our country,even the reported cases were the kind that only had symptom,which result from mother's exposure to lead,namely the children wasborn with lead poisoning.Then,in the late of 1980's,the sub-clinical children lead poisoning was studied,indicating that even lead exposure of low dose can impact intelligence of children.Since then there were increasingly small-scale studies,which indicated that according to international standards, current situation is far more serious than we can imagine,not to mention that there are fairly amount who expose to lead at a dose that was viewed as safe formerly.It was found that both environmental and genetic factors were responsible for the difference among children lead poisoning.So many researches were performed about it in recent years.Lead poisoning can be prevented in spite of the serious situation.It needed the cooperation among environmental intervention,health education and clinical treatment.Practice proved that health education was simple and effective in the case of the environment's being difficult to change.We try to select the environmental factors through epidemiological investigation,find out related risk factors by using decision tree in data mining,analysis the reason of individual difference among positive children through PCR-RFLP technique,discuss the relationship between gene-gene,gene -environment by Crossover analysis,then carry out health education among children,parents and teachers to improve their knowledge, attitude and behavior related to lead poisoning. 1.The Study on blood lead level and related risk factors among children of Han,Uygur,Kazak in XinjiangAccording to stratified cluster sampling measurement,we investigated 1513 Han, Uygur and Kazak children of 6 to 10 years old in 10 schools,detected the levels of the blood lead of children with the instrument of BH-2100 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.At the same time,related factors were investigated by a standardized questionnaire.Then the current lead poisoning distribution situation was described and its related risk factors were analized through data mining(decision tree)and traditional Logistic regression.1.1 The blood lead level of Han,Uygur and Kazak children was 68.61±43.63μg/L, 73.68±56.57μg/L,72.24±41.18μg/L respectively,The blood lead level of Han,Uygur, Kazak had significant difference(F=5.58,P=0.00).In addition,lead level varioused between different gender in Kazak except Han and Uygur.Their lead poisoning rate was 23.31%,23.25%and 22.10%respectively,almost the similar(P＞0.05).1.2 According to the result brought about by Logistic regression analysis,it stated that the occurrence of Han children lead poisoning may be related with age,taking in too much junk food and father's using hair dyes.The risk of lead poisoning will increase by 0.56,0.78 and 1.92 times respectively.As for Uygur,the relationship between age and lead poisoning is similar with that of Han.To Kazak children,it may be related with furniture. If the vanish on the furniture dropped occasionally,the children in the house has higher risk than the negative by 3.808 times.1.3 we decided the influence factors' sequence,that was,their social and economic situation,inappropriate diet,housing and surrounding,indoor fitment,bad behavior were among the main risk factors of children lead poisoning,which were due to decision tree analysis.All these factors may be affected by the culture background,economic level and customs more or less,this sequence various among different nationalities.1.4 It safely comes to a conclusion that the decision tree analysis is better than Logistic regression after comparing the correctness and credibility,as well as the effect picture assessment of the model.2.The relationship between children lead poisoning and gene polymorphismWe adopt PCR-RFLP technique to study the influence of heredity variance on lead poisoning.δ-aminolevμlinic acid dehydratase(ALAD),vitamin D receptor(VDR)were chosen to study interaction between genetic polymorphisms and environment risk factors. 2.1 All gene type distribution were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.In Han, aaTTbb,AaTTbb was the majority which take up 46.48%,30.84%respectively,but there were not AATTBB,AAttBB,AAttbb,aaTTBB,aattBB,aattbb,AAttBb,AATtBB, AaTTBB,aattBb,aaTtBB,AattBB,AattBb,AaTtBB,Aattbb.AaTtbb,AaTtBb was majority in Uygur and Kazak,which took up 18.23%and 13.29%respectively and there were no AATTBB,AAttBb,AATtBB in Uygur.Furthermore,all of various gene existed in Kazak.VDR gene polymorphisms and ALAD gene type distribution had significant difference in Han Uygur Kazak(P＜0.01).2.2 According to haplotype analysis,haplotype Atb,AtB in Han were considerately decreased in lead poisoning group while haplotype aTb,ATb significantly increased in lead poisoning group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).However,such results were not acquired in Uygur and Kazak.2.3 According to Crossover analysis,it indicated that the interaction between gene and gene had no statistical significance.When it turned to gene and environment,we found that gene Apal in Han presents positive interaction with "mother's using hair dyes frequently",while negative to "smoking in children room"(P＜0.05).As to Kazak children,ALAD gene presents positive interaction with "occupational exposure of people who live with the kids",while negative to "live under the third floor"and "eating popcorn frequently"(P＜0.05);Apal gene showed positive interaction with "occupational exposure of people who live with the kids,mother's using hair dyes frequently,smoking in children room,eating popcorn",while negative to "in one kilometer,there are factories that deal with lead"(P＜0.05).The other factors had no obvious interaction in this research.3.the effect of educationThere were 204 parents accepted the education,including Han 99,Uygur 105.KABP questionnaire was adopted and the change that occurred after the education was measured. By employing publicity and education film,teaching,publicity materials,school radio station and telephone follow-up,both children and parents got to acquire the related knowledge.3.1 before health educationOver 50%children had hand-mouth behavior.Han children blood lead level was 132.73±29.47μg/L and Uygur was 150.34±64.74μg/L before this health education.We also found the awareness level about lead poisoning of the parents whose children had lead poisoning was very low.Some of Han,Uygur parents cognized lead poisoning,but still 22.50%had little.In addition,over 90%parents welcomed this health education.3.2 After health educationThere was surprising change in parents and children after health education,especially their related knowledge about lead poisoning and behavior(eg:hand-mouth behavior)(P＜0.01).Han blood lead level was 92.33±35.07μg/L,decreased by 40.40μg/L,Uygur blood lead level was 89.34+45.52μg/L,decreased by 61.00μg/L.Moreover,this phenomenon changed significantly between different gender in Han and Uygur children(P＜0.01).School boys of Han blood lead level was decreased by 28.82μg/L, school girls of Han decreased by 50.15μg/L(P＜0.01).School boys of Uygur blood lead level was decreased by 40.78μg/L,school girls of Uygur decreased by 81.65μg/L(P＜0.01).
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