Chemical Constituents And Biological Activity Of Steamed Ginseng Water

The cultivation, processing and quality evaluation of Chinese Medicinal Materials is an important part of traditinal Chinese medicine modernization, and also the one of the reasearch areas in the professional studies. Among these, about ginseng research still plays an important role in the field. Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is one of a genuine herbs in Jilin province.Jilin ginseng as the dominant industries, holds a key in the international market share. The condition of ginseng indutry development directly impacting on its paticular industries leading position in Jilin's agricultural development.In recent years, as part of ginseng drugs and their processed products in the field of medcine and health products reasearch and appliccation, here came into being the many ginseng products, here should be occur the situation of the ginseng resources shortage because long term confliicts of the ginseng cultivation and demond. Therefore,the search for new ginseng medicinal resources has become a priority. Steamed ginseng water is the byproduct of the red ginseng processing, in the process of red ginseng, water vapor steamed ginseng, after dipping into the steaming pot at the bottom of solution, is a dark drown, turbid, viscous liquid, containing part of the ginseng saponins, ginseng polysaccharides and amino acids. World annual production of red ginseng is about 7,000 tons, China is about 4,000 tons, about 3,400 tons in Jilin Province, to process 1Kg dryed red ginseng there should be produce dryed steamed ginseng water 8.6g . Therefore, steamed ginseng water has Considerable annual output in Jilin Province, steamed ginseng water generally be discarded as waste, thus, should be inevitably cause a waste of resources.Therefore, study on the chemistry and biological of steamed ginseng water systematicly has a practical guide on the industrialization development of Jiling ginseng. To carry out this study and made the following progress.1 Study on chemical constituents of steamed ginseng water. Eleven ginsenosides were isolated from the steamed ginseng water by the different process of extraction and isolation,and with the extraction of organic solvent, Macro-reticular resins, ODS column chromatorgraphy, silica gel column chromatography, and other isolation method. On the basis of the physical constants, chemical evidence and MS identyfied the attribution of 11 ginsenosids, there are protopanaxadiol saponins, ginsenoside- Rb1,Rb2,Rc, Rd, 20(R)-Rg3 and 20(S)-Rg3, Protopanaxtriol saponins, ginsenoside-Re, Rf, Oleanolic acid type saponins, ginsenoside- Ro, and the unique red ginseng ginenosides Rg5 and Rk1.2 Using medium pressure column chromatography to establish the saponins'saperation and preparation process of steamed ginseng water. Six saponins ginsenosid- Rb1 , Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rf were prepared.3 Isolated the saponins of fresh ginseng, red ginseng methanol extracts and steamed ginseng water extracted by organic solvents phase, include aqua phase, n-butanol phase and the n-butanol phase D101 macroporous resin washed by aqua , 10%ethanol, 30%ethanol, 50%ethanol and 70 ethanol, total 21 components compare analysed by HPLC-ESI-MS. In red ginseng , 14 ginsenosids were identified in aqua phase, 9 ginsenosids were identified in n-butanol phase, compared with aqua phase , n-butanol phase have no ginsenoside- Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3 and Rd. D101 macroporous resin washed by water, 10%ethanol, 30%ethanol, were all identified the same five ginsenosids, 50% ethanol phase only identified gisenoside- Rg1, Rf and Rg2. In fresh ginseng, all extracts has different ginsenosids except D101 macroporous resin 30% and 50% ethanol phase. Ginsenoside- F4, Rg6, Rh4 were identified in n-butanol extract phase, D101 macroporous resin 30% and 50% ethanol phase of steamed ginseng water,, fresh ginseng and red ginseng haden't identified them.4 Fresh ginseng, red ginseng and steamed ginseng water ether soluble components were analyzed by GC-MS. In steamed ginseng water isolated 24 components, 10 of them were identified, In red ginseng isolated 95components, 33of them were identified, In fresh ginseng isolated 94 components, 31 of them were identified,15 same components were identified in fresh ginseng and red ginseng。5 The extracts immune activity of the Fresh ginseng, red ginseng and steamed ginseng water 21 components were screened. By cultured mouse macrophages, to determine the activity of extract components by the amount of TNF-α, the result is steamed ginseng water D101 macroporous resin 10% ethanol fraction has the strongest activity, the generation rarte of TNF-αwas 78.8%, in this fraction contains ginsenoside- Rg1,Re,Ro,Rf,Rg2,Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,F4,Rg6,20(S)-Rg3,20(R)-Rg3,Rg5,Rk1,17kinds of ginseng saponin,both conains protopanaxadiol saponins, Protopanaxtriol saponins, Oleanolic acid type saponins also the rare and unique ginsenosides- Rg5,Rk1 of red ginseng. By cultured mouse spleen lymphocytes, to determine the activity of extract components by the generation rate of mouse spleen lymphocytes, the result is fresh ginseng D101 macroporous resin 30% ethanol fraction has the strongest activity, the generation rarte was 66.9%. In this fraction contains ginsenoside-Rg1,Re,Ro,Rf,Rg2,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,Rd。6 Cultured mouse macrophages, mouse spleen lymphocytes, mouse fibroblast L929 by 21 extract frections, to determine their cytotoxicity. The result is, fresh ginseng 70% ethanol phase and red ginseng 70% ethanol phase have lower cytotoxicity to mouse macrophages, but higher cytotoxicity to mouse spleen lymphocytes, fresh ginseng 70% ethanol phase has lower cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblast L929.7 Studied on the clearance of DPPH radical , superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical by fresh ginseng, red ginseng and steamed ginseng water methanol extracts and their 21 extract fractions. The result was, the steamed ginseng water methanol extract has the strongest antioxidant activity, the IC50 were, DPPH 26 mg/mL, superoxide anion14 mg/mL, hydroxyl 10 mg/mL, to 21 components of the extracts for antioxidant screening, initial screening of the three samples have stronger activity. They are NO.9 fresh ginseng n-butanol extract, No.10 fresh ginseng D101 macroporous resin aqua phase, No.16 steamed ginseng water n-butanol extract.Compared the activity of NO.9, NO. 10, NO.16 samples to the three kinds of radical. The result was, the strongest clearance of DPPH was NO.16, the IC50 is 8.0 mg/mL, the strongest clearance of superoxide anion was NO.10, the IC50 is 13.0 mg/mL, the strongest clearance of hydroxyl was NO.16, the IC50 is 11.0 mg/mL.The innovation is as follows 1 For the first time, fresh ginseng, red ginseng and steamed ginseng water ether soluble components were analyzed by GC-MS. NIST08.L standard atlas automatic retrieval, idenyified 10 ether soluble components of steamed ginseng water, 33 ether soluble components of red ginseng, and 31 ether soluble components of fresh ginseng. For the first time isolated anticancer component falcarinol from fresh ginseng and red ginseng.Immune and Cosmetology active ingredient squalene isolated in red ginseng , 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- isolated in fresh ginseng.2 For the first time, the extracts immune activity and Cytotoxicity of the Fresh ginseng, red ginseng and steamed ginseng water 21 components were screened.3 For the first time, studied on the clearance of DPPH radical , superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical by fresh ginseng, red ginseng and steamed ginseng water methanol extracts and their 21 extract fractions were screened.Based on the above findings, the seamed ginseng water as the byproduct in the process of red ginseng, has a high-value in development and utilization, can be used as cosmetics, food additives and animal health adjuvant development of biological products.Should be generating new economic growth point for china ginseng industry.