Structure Analysis Of The Polysaccharides From Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer And Their Immunological Activities

Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer is a traditional Chinese medicine. Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer as a tonic reduce fatigue and strengthen the immune system. Today our earliest surviving Chinese medicine book " Shen Nong's Herbal Classic " record that our ancestor have begun to use traditional Chinese medicine Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer for its medicinal value.In recent years, research on the Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer extract was shown that they have bacteriostatic and bactericidal, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation effects. The main active ingredient of ginseng are ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, ginseng peptides and the like. Studies on ginseng polysaccharidess focused on the extraction of polysaccharidess, separation of different fractions, fractions composition structure, and then explore the biological activities of ginseng polysaccharidess through 1-2 related experiment. It is still lack of systematic evaluation. In addition, after extract the ginseng polysaccharidess from Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, there are still a large amount of ginseng residue left, most of time we consider the ginseng residue as waste. Few of people concerns about ginseng residue. In this study, we reuse ginseng residue for extraction, and we deal with the ginseng residue by enzyme, then we harvest with water-soluble polysaccharidess. After that we check the bio-function of the water-soluble polysaccharidess for improving immune system activities.Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer residue was purified by flooding, enzymatic hydrolysis, boiling, after conventional drying ginseng polysaccharidess has already obtained. The polysaccharidess will be used for stimulating the KM mouse by different doses (10mg/kg,50mg/kg, 100mg/kg,200mg/kg)Stimulation is through intragastric administration of normal KM mice. Faced The immunocompetent of this ginseng polysaccharides hydrolysis residue is evaluated by four different sides of immune experiments. Determination of the cellular immune function:spleen lymphocyte transformation test, delayed type hypersensitivity test; humoral immune function test:hemolysin determination; monocyte-macrophage function assay:mouse carbon clearance test; NK cell activity assay.Results show:Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer polysaccharides from hydrolysis of ginseng residues within a certain dose range, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, NK cell activity can be enhanced. 1. Cellular immunity(1) When administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d, the proliferation of lymphocytes in the most obvious effect of ConA action. Also found under 10,50,100,200 mg/kg/d dose of ginseng polysaccharide itself for stimulating lymphocyte proliferation.(2) When the drug is administered at a concentration of 50,100 mg/kg/d, most significantly delayed type hypersensitivity.50mg/kg/d, there was no significant difference between the 100 mg/kg/d group.Lymphocyte proliferation and delayed type allergy extent in the high dose group, 200 mg/kg/d decreased, but significantly higher. Ginseng polysaccharide dose 50 mg/kg/d,100 mg/kg/d increase cellular immunity most significant effect. 2. Humoral immunityWhen administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d, the most significant hemolysis. A dose of 50 mg/kg/d hemolytic capacity than 100 mg/kg/d decreased, but significantly higher. High-dose group (200 mg/kg/d) the ability to reduce hemolysis, and significantly lower than the control group. 3. Monocytes-macrophagesIn the dose of 10,50,100 mg/kg/d when, we did not find ginseng polysaccharides on macrophage phagocytosis significant effect. High dose (200 mg/kg/d) of ginseng polysaccharide compared to the control group, it significantly reduces the phagocytic activity of macrophages. 4. NK cell activityIn a dose of 10,50 mg/kg/d, NK cell activity compared with the control group were significantly increased, which the dose 50 mg/kg/d of NK cell activity of the most significant. When administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d,200 mg/kg/d, NK cell activity of cells was significantly lower than the control group, the ginseng polysaccharide dose of 100,200 mg/kg/d reduced NK cell activity.