Viewing The Development Of Ci In The Southern Song Dynasty From The Works Of He-Zhou And The Culture Of The Late Period Of The Northern Song Dynasty

Tang-Song Ci has achieved a full development in the late period of the Nortern Song Dynasty, a period that also marks the commencement of Ci finding its ground in the Southern Song Dynasty. This paper will give a concrete illustration of the development process of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty by analysing the works of He Zhu and Zhou Bangyan, two composers of Ci, and connecting the cultural phenomena in the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty. The whole passage will be discussed through six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction to introduce the study objects, significances, methods, conceptions as well as some relevant research findings that can be used for reference etc. This paper holds the view that the development of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty can be stemmed from the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the culural elements which is conducive to the existance and development of Ci are among the current mainstream of thinking. As to the previous researches, there exists such an inclination, that is attaching more attention on the Southern Song Dynasty than the Nortern Song Dynasty, age than region and groups than individuals. Therefore, this paper takes the Xi Ning period of the Northern Song Dynasty as the commencement of the development of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty and investigates the evolution of Ci in the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty through the microscopic mode of analysing two representative composers of Ci and by combining with the age and region factors.The second chapter will discuss the start points on which He Zhu and Zhou Bangyan stand before they begin to compose Ci, and some cultural factors from the aspects of age and region that will have a greater influence on their growth and creations. In this chapter, at first we have analysed the connections of their family background and living region to their personal dispositions and made a conclusion that one of them gets the typical northern cultural background while the other has the typical southern cultural bakground. And then, we have discussed the political culture, social customs and literature currents which are probably approachable during their childhood and youngsterhood.The third chapter will discuss the relations between Ci Xin, the truly feelings of the composer implied in Ci, and political culture in the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the conflicts between the new and old political parties has existed throughout the whole period, which as a result, tremendously affected the feudal intellectuals' spirits and political intention and also caused a psychological change accordingly in their literature writtings. This chapter takes the several phases of the parties' conflicts as a clue to observe and analyse their promotion or demotion in their official career by relating to the current political environment and its reflection in Ci.The fourth chapter will discuss the relations between Ci Pin (indicating the features of Ci) of He Zhu and Zhou Bangyan and the social customs. Elegance and vulgarity are the two basic features of Tang-Song Ci and its overall trend is to develop from vulgarity into elegance, but different age has its own definition of elegance. So, there are many different kinds of elegance words in the history of Tang-Song Ci. And, the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty, as a transition period of Ci developing from the North to the South., has presented a complicated state of the coexistance of several elegance words, behind which there are respective supportives of social customs. This paper will focus on Ci of He Zhu and Zhou Bangyan to observe and discuss such a phenomenum.The fifth chapter will discuss the relations between Ci Ti, that is the style of Ci, and the literature currents in the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty and emphasize the differrence between the style of Tang Ci and Song Ci as well as the representation of He-Zhou during this transition period. In the late period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the literature thoughts has become mature, poetry of the Song Dynasty owns its own features, while in the field of Ci, there appears the feature of the style of Song:Its inner nature has changed to the expressive of feelings and the external style has also transfered from natural features to the artificial ones. And both of them has embodied such transition trend, but comparatively speaking, He Zhu possesses more of the style of Tang while Zhou Bangyan the style of Song.The sixth chapter will discuss the reception history of Ci written by He Zhu and Zhou Bangyan in the Southern Song Dynasty with reference to cultural environment, in addition, assess their position in the literature history by comparing them with Li Shangyin and Du Mu, poets of the late Tang Dnasty.