Naturalization And Confucianization-On The Social Changes And The Formation Of Hakka Culture In Jiangxi, Fujian And Guangdong Border Region From 9^th Century To 18^th Century

Mainly based on historical documents while combined with archaeological data and fieldwork, this research has made a study on historical traces of the spread and infiltration of the Central Plains dynasty regime and the Confucian mainstream culture in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong border region from 9th century to 18th century, and reveals the inner logic relationship between the social changes of the border region and the formation of Hakka culture. Moreover, the paper quotes the Culture Theory to explain why Hakka is listed as a branch of Han and interpretate the influence of the state power over the formation of Hakka Culture and the social changes in the border region.This paper holds that the economic status of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong border region has been promoted as the economic center's moving southward since Tang and Song dynasty; the Southeastern provinces has played an important role in the nation's revenue. Meanwhile, the excavation of the Dayuling—Ganjiang Channel has made the border region an important traffic link between the north and the south. However, a large number of ethnic groups immgrating from other areas since Tang and Song dynasty has lead to a long-term social unrest in the region. To secure the social stability of the border region, its revenue and its function as a traffic and economic link between South and North, the state changed the former way of ruling this area through local overlords and took "naturalization" measures such as extermination, pacifying, increasing county offices and the Bao-jia system. These measures enhanced the control and management of the border region and realized the direct rule of the central government over this area.Meanwhile, the rising of Confucian philosophical school in Song and Ming dynasty made a great change over Confucianism, leading it from governing to civilization. Confucianism has regained the attention from the feudal rulers and become the guiding ideology for nation's reconstruction of the social order in rural areas. Influenced by this cultural background, the central government sponsored the campaign of "Confucianization" to construct the social order of the border region in the ethic mode of Confucianism whera during the process of naturalization. This paper chooses instances from three aspects-setting up schools, setting ethic examples and controlling religion believes, to make an introduction of the spread of Confucianism in the border region with supports of the state power.According to Hakka Culture stratification theory, a certain kind of culture can be divided into material, system and mind. And the mind level which takes value as core is the most critical factor in determining the nature of the culture. The central government's measures of "naturalization" and "Confucianization" in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong border region has not only boosted the integration of different ethnic groups and the formation of the Hakka branch, but also made Han culture the mainstream in Hakka culture which takes Confucianism as core. The Confucianism ethic value has become the most outstanding common cultural psychology. This nature of the Hakka culture has determined the Hakka's national nature—Han, which is also the theory foundation of listing Hakka as a branch of Han.