Study On The Aesthetic Culture Of Tujia Ethnic

In recent years, the Ethnic Aesthetics has becoming increasingly popular in the domestic Aesthetics, especially more and more studies focusing on the Ethnic Aesthetic Culture. As far as the Tujia ethnic is concerned, most of the existed studies in this field was from geographical area to discuss it, or from one aspect, such as Tujia brocade, wooden house projecting over the ground, folk songs to study the aesthetic culture of Tujia ethnic. The studies are not enough to reflect the colorful aesthetic resources very well so that they only focus on the surface and a single part of it. The limitation is that the studies can not explain Tujia aesthetic culture systematically and deeply, and to some extent the studies more or less ignore the close relationship between aesthetic theory and specific aesthetic forms.With the change of aesthetic culture study in China and the process of non-material culture heritage projects, it stimulates the re-building knowledge in aesthetic anthropology, meanwhile, it complies with the present need of aesthetic culture in minorities. It is bound to the result that the study angles are developed and the study ways are changeable on minority culture. Therefore, under the present research conditions, it is very necessary to deeply describe the Tujia aesthetic culture—the only culture area, which experienced deep deposit and the only place located in the in-land of China, from the point-views of aesthetics, cultural anthropology and folklore, especially the specific description and explanation on Nuo Opera, Folk Pharmacists, Lantern Opera and Hand-Waving Dance of Tujia ethnic.First, this study considers that during the procedure of Tujia ethnic community formation, it is directly affected and restricted by "Ethnic Living Environment", and casts the aesthetic consciousness. One of reasons is that the complicated and changeable natural environment has an effect on the aesthetic culture of Tujia ethnic. This develops the aesthetic consciousness of Tujia ethnic based on the life due to the high and deep valley geographical environment, forms the aesthetic concepts of "movement", "Strength" and "Happiness", endows the Tujia people with the natural aesthetic angle and the real experiences of the natural life value. The other reason is the two-coins living patterns'impact on the Tujia aesthetic consciousness. This develops the harmonious aesthetic meanings after experiencing the infection of fishing and hunting, and rice cultivation culture, with the spirit leadership of sympathetic and cordial feeling between human and nature.Second, under the leadership of key words or language based on the intergrowth and interdependency of the religion ceremony, artistic forms and aesthetic meanings, this study regards the artistic forms of Nuo Opera, Folk Pharmacists, Lantern Opera and Hand-Waving Dance and their religious indications as the aesthetic meanings and appreciates the opera, religion and dance of Tujia ethnic and explains their aesthetic meanings. The specific description and explanation of these is as follows:1. Nuo OperaThrough the belief space arrangement of God and middlebrow on Nuo Opera, the complete set of ceremony procedure, from inviting God to sending God, it reflects that the cultural meaning of Tujia Nuo Opera includes driving the evils and diseases away, wishing the near future promising and blessing big fortune. Among these cultural meanings, the former two are in the deep layer of Tujia Nuo Opera culture while the third is the surface of the culture. At the same time, the unique aesthetics style is reflected by Nuo Opera's symbols and performance patterns, that is to say, from the singing words and ceremony meaning Nuo Opera can reflects the aesthetics style based on customs; from the aesthetic image acted by Qintong it reflects the aesthetic patterns based on awkwardness; from the carrier of Nuo Opera performance or Nuo Masks, it reflects the aesthetic objects based on mystery.2. Folk PharmacistsTujia Folk Pharmacists build their culture identification based on the local and ethnic features, using surprising and unique magic figures and ceremony, separating the explanation of human and god. Furthermore, the ceremony explains the culture meaning. In the meanwhile, the mysterious experience on the ceremony behavior of Tujia Folk Pharmacists is, in fact, itself the aesthetic experience. So it reflects the implied aesthetic meaning, and this relies on the aesthetic personality and masculine and aesthetic direction of Folk Pharmacists.3. Lantern OperaTujia Lantern Opera is belongs to the scope of "South Lantern", it has full-bodied folk sacrificial rites culture and performance rules, and it also shows the ethnic ceremony spirits when the ceremony is involved with the season change. Meanwhile, the combination of lantern songs and dance, lantern aesthetic feelings, expressions and implications, forms and meanings is the cultural indirections—that is the Goddness Worship. Above this, it also shows the yohji yamamoto through the performance posture, action and singing words and so on opera symbols, it is the aesthetic style of Tujia lantern Opera.4. Hand-Waving DanceHand-Waving Dance expresses the people's feelings on favorable climatic weathers, produce good harvests, descendants continuousness and all the best. Except this, "Same Direction Hand-Waving" dance movement means the improvement of Tujia people's cohensive force, furthermore, it is the best way to express Tujia ethnic history. In addition, Maogusi Dance embodies the feelings on ancestors' thanksgivings and commemoration through the thatch decorations. It is just because the "Same Direction Hand-Waving" and Maogusi Dance, they form the "Mysterious Dance Circle" under the imaged power and the "Meaningful Symbols". Therefore, the aesthetic value of Tujia hand-waving dance not only simply repeats the people's behaviors and movements, but shows the life passions hidden in the heart.In the end, this study explores the continuity and re-creation of Tujia aesthetic culture traditions. With the development of society from the traditional one to modern one, especially the intergrowth and interactions of multi-culture development tendency, Tujia people automatically follows the "Established Practice" and continues many art activities of aesthetic culture. Meanwhile, these lasting art activities improve the production and re-creation of aesthetic culture during the process of insisting on culture traditions.