Sixth Panchen Beijing Historical Facts

The main object of this research is Biography of The Sixth Panchen Lama written by the Second Vjam dbyangs ring po che.Based on the background, the biography presented, analyze the common ground of Panchen Lama and King Qian Long to find the motivation of Beijing trip.Firstly,analyze the motivation of Panchen Lama from the political activities of the master.During the period around 1774, Tibet was an active place on inner and foreign intercourse. At that time,the eighth Dalai Lama was very young and exercised his political and religion right through his agent. As the religion leader of the whole Tibet indeed, the Sixth Panchen Lama positively shortened the relationship between Tashilunpo and Qing ceter government. And built a direct relationship with Qian Long through State Master Zhang Jia. Meantime, the master concerned the situations of other countries whichwere near to Tashilunpo. Based on the high reputation of Panchen Lama, the master suceeded to mediate some issues among several small countries in India Peninsular. For that matter, Britain Eastern India company initiated a contanct to the Sixth Panchen Lama. In October 2nd of Wooden Horse Tibetan Year (year 1774),master received the visit of Bogle who was sent by Eastern India Company in De cheng Temple. In June 17th of Dog Tibetan Year (year 1778), the Sixth Panchen Lama started his Beijing Trip. During the trip, the master was worshiped by local officers and citizens. Meanwhile, the master uninterruptedly expressed the blessing to believers as well as spreaded Buddism.Then an incidence which related with the death of the master occurred:vaccination. The second Vjam dbyangs ring po che lead over one hundred close attendants of the master to A La Shan,including Chang Rtsos chen po. It may because of the obstructiong of Qing's officers,the master didn't get the vaccination. In November 1st of the 45th Qian Long year(year 1780),the Panchen Lama died when he was 43,and the cause of death was smallpox. Before his dead, the master insisted to finish the blessing ceromony for King Qian Long in the Lama Temple and met the Yoga Monk Purangir who was with him from Tibet to Beijing. Thus revealt the master's purpose of this Beijing trip:building a closer relationship with King Qian Long;warning the potential confliction with Britain Eastern India Company in order to avoid the war.Secondly,analyze the purpose of King Qian Long who invited Panchen Lama to Beijing.The paper begins with analysing the self-recognition of Manjusri's reincarnation by Qian Long and focuses on the special expressions of the king. Then get an idea that Qian Long had a compound values while estimating political activites:religion believes and king's domination. There were dual faces of Qian Long:Son of God and Manjusri's reincarnation. Besides of the religion needs,those faces were the methods of Qian Long to spread his dominating thoughts on culture merging. According to different circumstances, the etiquettes which arranged by Qing central government were different especially seat ordering and the way offering tea.After the master's troop arriving Beijing, King Qian Long arranged meets out of the citiy twice. By analyzing the inner cause of meets,the flexibility of Qian Long's political means came out. On researching of two temples:Zhao Temple and Xumifushou Temple. Those two were used to announced by Qian Long that the temples were specialized for 6th Panchen Lama's arriving. Actually,they were not. The purpose of building was to pubilize. Publilze for what? According to the inscription of two temples, Qian Long wanted to make the master a model of being governed and encouraged the other vassals to obey the Qing's rules.Finally,get the conclusion:nation unity.Although it's simple,the master and King Qian Long expressed it seperatedly and differently. Combining with the religion believe and domination methods,Qian Long tried to emerge different cultures into one through worshiping Tibet Buddism leader.Enhanced the unity of the country.On the other hand,the 6th Panchen Lama closered the relationship between central government and Tibet local and assisted culture emerging based on protecting the safety of Tibet.During middle and late 18th century,China reached its most developed period in Qing Dynasty. After then inflection point appered and China turned feeble. Due to Qian Long's governance policy,Tibet Buddhism spread widerly in the whole country. Tibetology has its advantages on analyzing this period of history. Some unknown evidence will be discovered by studying on Tibetan literature materials. Cross-examing with Chinese and Manchu materials will more easily restore history. It will be easier to understand King Qian Long's governance policy on Tibet, moreover,the whole China.