Highlight The Concept Of Structural Formula

Based on some constructions with universal quantificational /emphatic meaning in modern Chinese, this dissertation discusses the issue of constructional representation from the perspective of cognitive prominence, especially focuses on the expressions, functions and rules of cognitive prominence as a mental phenomenon in constructions and constructionalization. The subject this dissertation explored consists of seven sub-programs: 1) the cognitive prominence in the realization of metaphorical and metonymical process and effect. 2)the expressional means and subjective regulation of cognitive prominence. 3) atypical prominence and constructional emphatic meaning. 4) the dynamism of prominence and constructional differentiation. 5) prominence and constructional subjectivisation. 6) the discrimination of synonymous constructions from the perspective of cognitive prominence. 7) the differences in prominence of the same component at different syntactic position.Chapter 1 is an introduction.Chapter 2 focuses on theoretical studies. Metaphor and metonymy is not only the fundamental human cognitive phenomenon and the way of thinking, but also the important mechanism that working from constructional prototypical sense to other derived senses. Therefore, to explore constructional representation from the perspective of cognitive prominence, this dissertation firstly discusses the roles of cognitive prominence in the operating of metaphor and metonymy. This chapter discusses the cognitive prominence in the realization of metaphor and metonymy respectively, and discusses the roles of metaphor and metonymy in the arising and extending of constructions, based on the universal meaning of construction containing antonymous locatives in modern Chinese.Chapter 3 discusses the expressional means and subjective regulation of cognitive prominence, based on the identification of dou-quantifiable target in constructions. The author holds that the means of prominence, such as accent, location, code-length and some special prompting words, is a subjective regulation of cognitive agent to prominence of event and scenario, and such prominence is motivated. The result reveals that dou is inclined to select more prominent one as its target, to the dou-construction containing more than one potential dou-quantifiable target.Chapter 4 presents an exploration about atypical prominence, based on the constructional emphatic meaning related to dou1 and dou2. It points out that the arising of emphatic meaning originates from atypical members in a team. This chapter discusses the solidification of constructions'lian XP ye/dou VP','zai XP ye/dou VP'and'dou XP le'respectively, and also explores the motivation and mechanism of their emphatic meaning.Chapter 5 presents an exploration about dynamism of prominence, based on constructional differentiation of'X zhe ne'and'you + noun'. It points out that there is not a set link between the target of prominence and a member or collection in a cognitive frame. Dynamism of prominence is widely embodied grammar concepts and language structures. The author holds that dynamism of prominence involves both the dynamic change of figure and ground in a cognitive frame. Besides, there are various reasons for constructional differentiation, and this chapter mainly deals with dynamism of prominence.Chapter 6 discusses the relations between degree of prominence and constructional subjectivisation based on construction'(NP) cai VP'. It holds that the semantic types of short-time-span adverb cai depends on its degree of prominence in the whole sentence. The cai of foreground denotes a modal short-time-span, and the cai of background denotes an objective short-time-span. The former is more subjective, and the latter is more objective. The foreground tends to cause cai'subjectivisation, and the background not. Based on this argument, the author proposes a hypothesis: the prominence correlates with subjectivity, and the foreground tends to cause the subjectivisation of a linguistic element, and the background not.In the 7th chapter, the author compares synonymous constructions'man + NP'and'quan + NP'from the perspective of cognitive prominence. The discuss shows that there are some subtle differences between'man + NP'and'quan + NP', they can not be substituted for each other in dynamic discourse environment. The cognitive subject tends to choose container metaphor to make it prominent in degree of filling, quantity, and homogeneity, encoding as'man + NP'. And to choose set metaphor to make it prominent in integrality, range, and heterogeneity, encoding as'quan + NP'. The pattern of prominence and metaphor can be reflected from the character and style of the form of expression, such as exaggerative or objective, depictive or referential. The statistical result shows that'man + NP'is apt to be as a modifier (attributive/adverbial) or a predicate, and'quan + NP'a subject or an object, which can attest to the irreplaceable feature between them.Chapter 8 discusses the differences in prominence of the same component at different syntactic position. The result reveals that the primary meaning of classifier reduplication changes dynamically in the different constructional positions, owing to the different prominence of the elements or connection in the image schema and the modes of mental scanning. Similarities and differences exist not only between the primary meaning of classifier reduplication and the constructional positional meanings, but between the different constructional positional meanings. The differences reflect the integrative function of constructional positions on classifier reduplication as a component of the whole construction, while the similarities reflect the latter's semantic contributions to the construction, which derives from the interaction between components and construction.Chapter 9 is a conclusion.