Research On Universal Quantification Category Of Contemporary Chinese Language And Its Teaching

This dissertation takes the specific manifestation of universal quantification category in contemporary Chinese language as the object of research.From the perspectives of vocabulary,grammar and syntactical structure,it makes a comprehensive investigation on the manners and characteristics of universal quantification expressed by contemporary standard Chinese.This dissertation makes analyses on the form,semantics and pragmatic value by aiming at the specific expression of universal quantification,striving to reveal its characteristics and laws in an objective and comprehensive way.Based on the research of Chinese ontology and the teaching practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language,this dissertation describes and analyzes the prominent problems in the teaching process of the expression of universal quantification and proposes teaching plans in accordance with different teaching contents and improves the strategies for teaching Chinese as a foreign language by exploring teaching ideas and methodologies.This dissertation is consisted of nine chapters.The first chapter introduces the research object,methods and ideas of this dissertation,and systematically collates the research status with the issues related to the Chinese universal quantification category.The second chapter mainly studies the vocabulary expressive forms of the universal quantification category of contemporary standard Chinese,these forms of universal quantification vocabulary can achieve the full reference to the referred things.This chapter will provide a comprehensive and systematic description and analysis of the contemporary standard Chinese vocabulary system,and put greater emphasis on the differences between synonyms,which is the most perplexing part for the international students when they are learning Chinese language.The third chapter takes the overlapping form of the universal quantification category of Chinese as the research object,which is mainly divided into noun overlap and quantifier overlap.Noun overlapping terms are such as:"renren,jiajia,chuchu,tiantain,shishi." The quantifiers overlapping terms are such as "gege,zhongzhong,jianjian." This grammatical means of overlap imposes the meaning of "arbitrary denotation" on common nouns and quantifiers in Chinese for achieving full reference to the pointed objects.However,not all nouns and quantifiers can be expressed in terms of"overlap." What can be overlapped?Which can't be overlapped?Does the overlapping form necessarily express the full amount of meaning?Is there any restriction?These are not only the important contents in the study of Chinese grammar,but also a major difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.The fourth chapter investigates and studies the universal quantification category expressions related to Chinese interrogative pronouns.As we all know,interrogative pronouns in Chinese can be used to express meanings that are not related to "questions",such as "arbitrary denotation" or"indefinite denotation".In this chapter,we mainly discuss the universal quantification expression format composed of interrogative pronouns.We classify these expressions into three subcategories according to the different components of the concrete structure with the interrogative pronouns:First,interrogative words are used in conjunction with the adverb "dou" or "ye";Second,interrogative words are used with unconditional conjunction;Third,repeated use of interrogative words.The fifth chapter studies the specific sentence "lian + NP + dou/ye+ VP".In the contemporary standard Chinese,the sentence "lian+ NP + dou/ye + VP" highlights the individual characteristics of an extremist member NP to reveal the common characteristics of its affiliated collective.This is a typical syntactic format that expresses the universal quantification in the form of extreme denotation.It is worth noting that the selection of NP is the key to determine whether the sentence is correct.The NP must be a member of the object in question and have the nature of "extreme".At the same time,"VP" must also satisfy certain specific semantic,phonological or grammatical requirements.This chapter will fully describe and summarize the qualification conditions for this syntactical structure.The study object of the sixth chapter is the universal quantification expression of the negative words in contemporary standard Chinese.Like "universal quantification","negation" is also a very important semantic category in linguistics.It also has various manifestations in different languages.These two kinds of semantic categories will appear to overlap in the real language word.Sometimes,they exist in one concrete language carrier at the same time.The first part of this chapter studies the universal quantification expressions consisting of double-negative words:"wu A bu B" and "mei(you)A bu B",they have similarities and differences in structure and semantic function.The latter part deals with several universal quantification expressions constructed by single negative word in contemporary standard Chinese.The meanings of these universal quantification expressions are related to the time category.The seventh chapter studies the paired form in contemporary standard Chinese.The so-called"paired form" refers to those forms that have a symmetrical structure and are semantically related to each other(usually composed of even items).These paired forms are ubiquirtous in our languages,networks,newspapers and periodicals,literature,drama,film and television.In this chapter,we will choose several types of paired forms that are related to the universal quantification category and are most widely used in contemporary standard Chinese as research objects.We will analyze and describe the nature,structure,semantic features,and pragmatic effects of these forms to reveal the specific manners to express universal quantification.These types of paired forms are "yao A you A,yao B you B," "yao A mei A,yao B mei B" and "yao A jiu A,yao B jiu B".The most important feature of these forms is that they express unlimited,universal quantification meanings with a limited,small number of items.This is a perfect combination of economic efficiency and creativity of natural language,and fully reflects the divergence and association of human thinking patterns.The even-numbered,symmetric,constitutive model not only reflects the rhythmic requirements of Chinese at the phonetic level,but also reflects some habits and tendencies of the Han nationality in cognitive styles.The eighth chapter relates the Chinese ontology research expressed in the universal quantification category to the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Through years of teaching observations and statistical analysis of relevant corpus,we have listed the issues with more concentrated errors that the foreign students may make in the expression of universal quantification in Chinese.This dissertation will combine the findings from the research of Chinese ontology to analyze and answer these questions,and propose an improved,scientific and practical teaching strategy for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.It will also provide a theoretical reference for internationalstudents to learn and in the use of related content of Chinese in the future,helping them to avoid mistakes in a targeted manner and improve their Chinese proficiency.The ninth chapter summarizes each chapter systematically,and points out the innovations,deficiencies of this dissertation and some issues that can be studied in future.This article systematically studies the full-scale category of Chinese,and all the research methods used are:comparative analysis,the combination of description and interpretation,the form of grammar,and the method of mutual verification of semantic meaning and pragmatic value.Based on the theory are:"triangle" theory,error analysis theory and construction grammar theory.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the reform and innovation of the teaching methods and methods of teaching Chinese as a foreign language,and to provide solutions and suggestions for the teaching difficulties of related issues.