A Study On The Frontier Geographical Concepts In The Song Dynasty

By using these words (world, Extreme Borderland, Sub-extreme Borderland, Near center area, Southwestern vassal states and so on), and the logic inference method of historical documents, this article will discuss "The frontier geographical concepts in the Song dynasty ", from border. frontier, frontier minority, territory and other aspects,and try to show it's basic development features. the structure will follow border idea,, frontier geographical degree concepts, and frontier minority geographical concepts, territory concepts to arrange。It is based on the logical relationship of the border, frontier, frontier minority, territory:frontier is the area near the border, the body of frontier is frontier minority, the area that is formed by border,frontier is territory。So, this article have four chapters, including introduction are five parts. Main idea of each part are as followsIntroduction mainly introduces the title reason, meaning, basic concepts, research objects,situation of study,Focal and difficult pointsFirst chapter, border ideas of Song Dynasty. Because the change of The world pattern, around the space, form and border dispute,the border idea of people in Song Dynasty has a very significant characteristic, the boundary spatial recognition presents different levels, ideal border and reality border coexist, the border of territory and the direct rule area coexist, The bordary form recognition shows diversity.linear,ribbon, pointlike coexist,natural boundary and humanistic boundary coexist.The treatmens of border dispute have obvious regional characteristics and gradual characteristics.Second chapter, frontier degree concepts of Song Dynasty.In Song Dynasty, people often use specific words to expresses their frontier degree concepts, like Extreme Borderland, Sub-extreme Borderland, Near center area.This part discusses the understanding and using of those three words in Song Dynasty.and forms following understandings:people in Song Dynasty have carried on the degree division to the territory space; Because of different person and situation,they have different understanding to the frontier degree, may be three levels or two; their frontier geographical concepts also have regional characteristic; In Song Dynasty people indentify frontier degree is for the consider of military defence, supplies etc.This is also a kind of reflection to the stern surronding situation.Third chapter, frontier minority geographical concepts of Song Dynasty. The territory and the characteristic of minority distribution decides southwest frontier minorities have important status.Therefore this part carries on the discussion to the center of the definition of frontier minority and southwest frontier minority in Song Dynasty. Frontier minority geographical concepts of Song Dynasty have following characteristics:First. HuaYi five directions structure in Song Dynasty is the more complete and neat indications since universal countries forms has been build. the space limit of Hua Yi has been strengthened.Next, the appearance of Foreign biography as well as massive uses of "the foreign country" reflects the geographic method of identifing nationality by territory. Third, "lives together in ZhongXia" becomes an important standard to definite frontier minority, at the same time in the "Yu Gong",the yaofu, huangfu of the frontier minorities has clear space range. fourth, people in Song Dynasty didn't only define the southwest frontier, but also divide it into three relatively independent national geographic units:The geographic concepts of the Southwestern vassal states forms officially in Song Dynasty.Fourth chapter, territory concepts of Song Dynasty. This part carries on the discussion to the center of the territory concepts of the Fathers, which have two mainly thoughts:The knowledge of territory space range and the attitude of territory in Song Dynasty.In the territory space, the territory concepts of the Fathers in this time have reality and ideal characteristics:it doesn't only match the realistic territory, but also separates.the attitude of the territory in Song Dynasty has go through three stages:defended stubbornly, the opposition of development——defends stubbornly and develops——restores the territory of the Fathers.