The Late Qing Dynasty In Northeast New Deal Study

During the Qing dynasty the position of the northeast region in the territory have changed from the core to the verge going with the disaggregation of Hua-Yi system, which was not reversed until the New Deal. This dissertation take the New Deal of the northeast region as the research object with the angle of view of territory integration, and is of the opinion that the Qing dynasty intended achieving the homogeneous territory to gain its ends of integrating the territory by carrying out the New Deal in the northeast region. The Qing dynasty carried out the same province system with the hinterland, and got rid of the attribute of Manchuria native place by reforming the traditional political system in the northeast region; broke through the power lower limit of the traditional dynasty, and infiltrated its power to the basic society by rebuilding governing pattern in the basic society; liquidated the abuse of the inversion in the financial power between the central government and local government, and enhanced the authority of the central government to rebuild the relation between both sides by financial reform; gripped the power of national education and enhanced the national identity to the dynasty by establishing new educational system. This dissertation uses nation-state conception as the frame of reference of territory integration basing on affirming that nation-state is more advanced than the traditional dynasty, and is of the opinion that the Qing dynasty was on the road of building nation-state unconsciously during carrying out the New Deal in the northeast region aiming at territory integration by rebuilding the traditional dynasty.This dissertation consists of six chapters including preface, conclusion and four chapters of the main text. Among these parts, the preface illustrated the reason of selecting the northeast region New deal as the research object and research purpose, research method, and then commented on the previous researches and the materials utilized in this dissertation. Chapter 1 discussed the homogeneous reform process of the political system in northeast region from the atrophy of Baqi system and the establishing of province system basing on sorting out the establishing of traditional political system. Chapter 2 analyzed the policy tropism of the local autonomy carried out by the Qing dynasty from the attitude, saying of ministers and governors about local autonomy and autonomy system designed by the Qing dynasty firstly, and then testified the autonomy policy of the Qing dynasty by exploring the status of local autonomy in northeast region, and discussed the relation between local autonomy and territory integration in late Qing dynasty finally. Chapter 3 emphasised on the status of finance in northeast region during dividing national tax and local tax and carrying out budget system and the game playing about financial power between the central government and local government. Chapter 4 explored the status of national education dominated by the Qing government in the northeast region and the process of enhancing identity to the dynasty by education reform from three aspects including the changing of education system, the establishing of all kinds of primary schools and reforming private schools. The conclusion part summarized the relationship among the New Deal in the northeast region, territory integration and nation-state building from two aspects including the relation between the rebuilding of national identity and territory integration and the relation between territory integration and nation-state building in modern China.